Notes on the origin and meaning of group names. G. Lockwood, CDC, UK. Personal Communication.
Derivation: Borneo Albacca Plantation.
Collected by BAL Plantations Ltd..
Location: Sabah, Malaysia.
Clonal cocoa trials and selection for superior clones. In: Proceedings of the International Cocoa Conference: Challenges in the 90's, Kuala Lumpur, 1991. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 38-47.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: PROGENY_
The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Malaysia. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 231-238.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Yield, bean size, pod value, pest and disease tolerance, cocoa butter and flavour. Environment: No details Germplasm: Local selections and imported germplasm.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.