Search Results

ICS 40    Theobroma cacao

 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979)
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Derivation: Imperial College Selections.
Location: ICTA, Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes:  Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979 [LOC79A] Selections from farms in Trinidad (1-100) and from Criollo progenies (101-107).

Cope, 1949a [COP49A]. One hundred selections were made as a result of a survey started in 1930 by Pound.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Numbers 1 to 100 were selected from all over Trinidad, numbers 101 to 107 were Criollo trees selected from a farm but all have been lost and numbers greater than 111 are selections made in an experimental programme.

Bartley, 1996a [BAR96A]. The ICS material includes several clones which resulted from recent (at that time) introductions. These include Criollos from Nicaragua (ICS 60 and its relatives) or Venezuela. Other ICS clones represent "Amazonian" types originally introduced from the Orinoco. It is likely that several introductions were involved in creating the diversity that existed in Trinidad when Pound started the selection work.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] From ICS 113 onwards these clones were used as parents in the AX / MX series. The same cross be known by an equivalent C [TTO] name.
 

Synonyms: EET 326 [IMP], EET IMP 326, I S C 40

    Disclaimer

Recommended clone in:
Dominican Republic
Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic
 Reference
Recommended clone in:
Philippines
Recommended by: National Seeds Industry Council, The Philippines
Year: 1999 (Current)
 Reference    View Associated Data
Recommended seed parent in:
Cameroon
Bi-parental cross: ICS 40 x UPA 134 
Recommended by: Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Cameroon
Year: 1980s
 Reference
Recommended seed parent in:
Colombia
Bi-parental cross: ICS 40 x IMC 67 
Recommended by: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA), Colombia
Year: 1980s (Until late 1990s)
 Reference
Recommended seed parent in:
Dominican Republic
Bi-parental cross: ICS 40 x ML 106 
Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic
 Reference
Recommended seed parent in:
Dominican Republic
Bi-parental cross: UF 676  x ICS 40
Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic
 Reference

 Parents:
NIC  x Unknown
 - River Estate
   Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979
 Mother to:
IFC 1056 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
SI 40 /1    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /2    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /3    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /6    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /7    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
THA 1    Nya Ngatchou, J., 1978
THA 3    Nya Ngatchou, J., 1978
 Father to:
AHT 10    Nya Ngatchou, J., 1978
AHT 5    Nya Ngatchou, J., 1978
C 73 [TRI]    Trinidad - ICTA, No Date
CEPEC 43    Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
G VI 72    India - Kerala, 1996
GEBP 180 /A-M [ADI]    Frances Bekele, 2019
GEBP 617 /A-F [ADI]    Frances Bekele, 2019
SI 40 /1    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /2    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /3    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /6    Trinidad - CRU, 2002
SI 40 /7    Trinidad - CRU, 2002

 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774311   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629513
BioSample: SAMN09934458
SampleSource: Costa Rica, Tree_ID: 17449
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA734904   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR14743863   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX11078259
BioSample: SAMN19549173
SampleSource: AGROSAVIA, Colombia

 HELD IN

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Current List   ICQC,R Website
• Accession: RUQ 1432     ICQC,R 
   - Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 2003
List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 266
   - Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS-40
   - Year of Accession: 1995
List received in 1985   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10316
   - Local Name: ICS-40
   - Year of Accession: 1960
List received in 1989   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1957
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1983
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: ICS-40
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: EET - 326
• Local Name: EET - 326
List received in 1992   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1968
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1990
List received in 1992   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS40
   - Year of Accession: 1971
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1958
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1954
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
 Thailand, Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS40
List received in 1991   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40
List received in 2024   Reference
• Accession: PI 243029     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: ICS 40
   - Year of Accession: 1961
List received in 1972   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 40

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Resistant
 Iton, E.F., 1959
Susceptible
 Cope, F.W. & Bartley, B.G.D., 1962
Moderate Resistance
 National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines, 2020
Moderate Resistance (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Unattached and 3mm stab inoculated
 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997
Resistant
 Butler, D.R. et al., 1998
Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993
Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986
Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980
Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).
Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and punch inoculated
 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997
Moderate Resistance, 90.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Blaha, G. & Lotode, R., 1976
Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Unattached and not wounded
 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997
Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf (adaxial surface)).
Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and not wounded
 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997
Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Trinidad - CRU, 1994
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf (abaxial surface)).
Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and not wounded
 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997
37.78 % Infection
Note: 18 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992
Moderate Resistance
 National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines, 2020
Resistant (Field Reaction).
 Butler, D.R. et al., 1998
Tolerant (Pod).
 Trinidad - CRU, 1994
Tolerant (Vegetative).
 Trinidad - CRU, 1994

Moderate Resistance
 National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines, 2020
Resistant
 K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003

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Seed Index: 96.1 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 26.5 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Pod Index: 20.8 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 101.0 (dried beans per 100g)
Productivity: high
 Reference
Seed Index: 50.2 (dried beans per 100g)
Productivity: low
 Reference
Acc: PI 243029
Pod Index: 15.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
Yield (dry beans per tree): 0.98 kg
 Reference
Yield: 2200 kg ha-1 yr-1
 Reference

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Number: 36.3
Dry Weight: 1.04 g
 Reference
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Present
Colour White: Present
Size: large
 Reference
Colour: dark purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 49.0
Total Wet Weight: 71.1 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.98 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.6 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.3 mm
 Reference
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Present
Colour Grey: Absent
Colour White: Absent
Colour Mottled: Absent
Number: 35.0
Maximum Number: 49
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 3.07 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.99 g
Cotyledon Length: 29.0 mm
Cotyledon Width: 16.0 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 10.6 mm
 Reference
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Absent
Colour Grey: Absent
Colour White: Absent
Colour Mottled: Absent
Number: 36.0
Maximum Number: 49
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.59 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.99 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.9 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.4 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 7.3 mm
 Reference
Size: large
Number: 44.0
 Reference
Acc: PI 243029
Number: 33.9
Total Wet Weight: 496.4 g
Total Dry Weight: 63.6 g
 Reference
Dry Weight: 1.41 g
Note: Bean wt = wt of 100 beans at 11%MC/100
 Reference

Testa: 5.50 %
 Reference

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Size: large
 Reference
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 181.0 mm
Breadth: 78.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: moderate
Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa
 Reference
Rugosity: intense
 Reference
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: attenuate
Rugosity: moderate
Husk Thickness: 11 mm (13.4 - 8.6)
Length: 217.0 mm
Breadth: 92.0 mm
Colour: absent anthocyanin
Weight: 733.0 g
Pods Per Tree: 3
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.35
Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.67
 Reference
Basal Constriction: absent
Apex Form: slightly obtuse
Rugosity: smooth
Husk Thickness: 8.9 mm (10.5 - 7.3)
Length: 126.0 mm
Breadth: 93.0 mm
Colour: absent anthocyanin
Weight: 493.0 g
Pods Per Tree: 7
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.35
Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.80
 Reference
Acc: PI 243029
Length: 209.0 mm
Breadth: 92.0 mm
Weight: 635.6 g
Pods Per Tree: 15
 Reference
Shape: amelonado
Colour: green
 Reference

Accession: RUQ 1432
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 6.13 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.12 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.40 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 52.61 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.45 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 4
Leaf Area: 378.70 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 2.78 g
Specific Leaf Area: 137.20 cm2 g-1
 Reference

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Colour: moderate anthocyanin
 Reference
Colour: brownish orange
 Reference
Colour: olive yellow
 Reference

Distance from Base to Widest Part: 148 mm
Length: 314.0 mm
Width: 100.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 3.10
Basal Angle: 98.3 °
Apical Angle: 53.8 °
Petiole Length: 19 mm
Pulvinus Length: 15 mm
 Reference

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Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 6.44 mm
Ligule Width: 2.51 mm
Ovule Number: 50
Style Length: 1.79 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Colour: greyish green
Sepal Width: 2.52 mm
Sepal Length: 9.67 mm
Ligule Length: 8.65 mm
Ligule Width: 3.17 mm
Ovary Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical)
Ovary Width: 1.00 mm
Ovary Length: 1.16 mm
Style Length: 2.20 mm
Staminode Length: 7.78 mm
Pedicel Colour: pastel red
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.
 Reference
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Colour: greyish green
Sepal Width: 2.42 mm
Sepal Length: 9.57 mm
Ligule Length: 9.30 mm
Ligule Width: 2.93 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Ovary Width: 1.01 mm
Ovary Length: 1.47 mm
Style Length: 2.38 mm
Staminode Length: 8.40 mm
Pedicel Colour: pale red
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.
 Reference
Ovule Number: 40
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979) The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Batista, Lepido J. (2009) Guía Técnica el Cultivo de Cacao en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal (CEDAF)
National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines (2020) National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines Certified Cocoa Materials. NSIC Website
Sounigo, Olivier, Fidèle Nsouga, Olivier Fouet, Claire Lanaud & Ives Bruno Efombagn (2016) Combined Use of Parentage Analysis and Phenotypic Assessment to Evaluate the Performances of Cocoa ( Theobroma Cacao L .) Varieties in Farmers ’ Field. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 3 (1): 166–76
Rodriguez-Medina, Caren, Alvaro Caicedo Arana, Olivier Sounigo, Xavier Argout, Gabriel Alvarado Alvarado & Roxana Yockteng (2019) Cacao Breeding in Colombia, Past, Present and Future. Breeding Science, no. 1999
Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Trinidad - CRU (2002) ICG,T accessions database, reply to queries regarding names new to ICGD. Dr. David Butler, ICG,T Trinidad. Personal Communication. 12 September 2002.
Nya Ngatchou, J. (1978) Etat d'avancement des travaux de génétique et d'amelioration du cacaoyer au Cameroun. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Cocoa Conference, Douala, Cameroun, 1979. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 507-511.
Trinidad - ICTA (No Date) List of C Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp.4.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
India - Kerala (1996) Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61
Frances Bekele (2019) Pedigree data for the GEBP clones supplied to ICQC,R (UK) by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Data supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele, April 2019.
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
Jaime A Osorio-Guarín, Jhon A Berdugo-Cely, Roberto A Coronado-Silva, Eliana Baez, Yeirme Jaimes, Roxana Yockteng (2020) Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Associated with Productivity and Disease Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1713–1725
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.
Colombia - ICA Palmira (1990) List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Dominican Republic - CDC (1987) Informe de los trabajos de indentificacion clonal realizados por el Dr. B.G.Bartley durante su visita a la Estacion "Mata Larga". Unpublished of the Comision del Cacau, Dominican Republic. pp 14
IDIAF (2011) Cocoa accessions held in the Dominican Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Research (IDIAF). M. Ventura, personal communication, September 2011.
EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.
Fiji - Naduruloulou (1992) Cocoa collection - Fiji Naduruloulou Research Station. G. Prasad, Koronivia Research Station, Nausari, Fiji. Personal Communication.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
Gabon - SOCAGAB (1992) Liste des clones de la collection du C.M.C.E. de Minkong (Oyem, Gabon). Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD, Kourou, Guyane. Personal Communication.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Guatemala - Los Brilliantes (1994) Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.
Chesney, P.E. (2008) Guyana accessions. Personal communication, September 2008.
Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul (2012) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1991) Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2024) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in September 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1972) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.
Iton, E.F. (1959) Studies on a wilt disease of cacao at River Estate. A Report on Cacao Research, 1957-1958. The Regional Research Centre of the British Caribbean.
Cope, F.W. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1962) New varieties and breeding policies at ICTA. In: Report of the 1961 Cocoa Conference, London. The Cocoa, Chocolate & Confectionery Alliance, UK. pp. 134-136.
Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. (1997) Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao): Influence of pod morphological characteristics. Plant Pathology 46: pp. 557-565
Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1993) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1986) Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1980) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. (1997) Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624
Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. (1976) Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.
Trinidad - CRU (1994) Cocoa Research Unit. Report for 1994. The University of the West Indies.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Brian Irish (2011) CACAO.MAYAGUEZ.2007-2011. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
KKO (1993) Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
French Guiana - CIRAD-CP (2003) F. Guiana database 2003. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, 17 March 2003.