Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni, 2012

Recommended seed parent in:
Cameroon

Seed Garden / Source: PSCC/IRAD

Male-only Parent in Seed Garden with: IMC 60   |  UPA 143   |  UPA 337   |  PA 70 [PER]   |  BBK 726   |  P 7 [POU]   |  PA 7 [PER]   |  GU 255 /V   |  GU 144 /C   |  IMC 67   |  PA 107 [PER]   |  PA 150 [PER]   |  SCA 12   |  SCA 6   |  SCA 24   |  T 60 /887 [POS]   |  T 79 /501 [POS]   |  UPA 134   |  SNK 630   |  SNK 15   |  SNK 413   |  SNK 64   |  SNK 608   |  SNK 620   |  TIKO 32   |  BBK 1016   |  BBK 109 

Recommended by: Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Cameroon

Status: current

 Reference

×

Reference

Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni 2012

Cocoa Improvement and Variety Delivery Effort in Cameroon. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012

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 Recommended material

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 Parents:

CRIOLLO [CRI]  x Unknown
 - River Estate
   Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

×

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979

The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.

Close

 Mother to:

FP 9    Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

×

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993

Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Leaf  Flower

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THA 11    Bartley, B.G.D., 1998

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1998

Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.

Notes

Cameroon - IRAD Datafile: PROGENY_

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Show Details Hide Details

 Phytophthora

8.96 % Infection (Pod).

Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = AB

 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

×

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995

Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield

Close

Moderate Resistance (Pod).

Note: Unripe, Unattached and 3mm stab inoculated

 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

×

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997

Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao): Influence of pod morphological characteristics. Plant Pathology 46: pp. 557-565

Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora STOMA_DS - Leaf/Fruit Anatomical Characteristics Germplasm: Information on 12 clones grown in the ICG,T. Environment: See details given for TTO - ICG,T Descriptors. Descriptors: Characteristics of the stomata, surface wax, exocarp and mesocarp hardness, exocarp and endocarp thickness of the pod are described in relation to infection by Phytophthora. Experimental Conditions: Each clone was represented by 15 trees at the ICG,T. Fully grown unripe pods were used. The multiple point inoculation method was used to assess frequency of lesions. A drop of inoculum (4 micro litres) was applied using a micro pipette at 10 points along the ridges of the surface of detached pods, with a zoospore concentration of 30,000 per ml. The control treatments recieved sterile distilled water. The pods were arranged in a completely randomised design with 5 replications in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with another plastic tray. The trays were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated at 25 degrees C. After 72 hours frequency of lesions was assessed based on the mean of successful inoculation points observed. Four trials were conducted. For stab inoculation a standard injury was created on the pod surface using 20 pins penetrating to a depth of 3mm. Inoculation followed Sreenivasan (1985) placing a 4mm. diameter disc of filter paper immersed in a zoospore suspension 200,000 per ml on the wound and covering with a spot plaster. Controls were treated with sterile distilled water. Pods were arranged in completely randomised design with 5 replications per clone and incubated at 25 degrees C. in trays lined with moist tissue paper and covered with plastic film. After 5 days the area of the established lesion was determined by transcribing the outline of the lesion onto brown paper and the area of the cuttings determined by a leaf area meter. The experiment was conducted twice. Data collected was subjected to square root transformation and analysis of variance to determine significance. Character data: Immature pod, stomatal pore length: 10 pods were assessed at five points per pod for each clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on furrow: each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on furrow: Each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Exocarp and mesocarp hardnes: tested at the equatior of the pods. 10 pods were assessed at 5 points per clone. Relative hardness was estimated in Newtons (N) per square mm. Pod wall moisture content: 5 pods were assessed for each clone. Wound: N=no, P=punch inoculation (4 mm hole), S3=stab inoculated to 3 mm depth, S9=stab inoculated to 9 mm depth. Morphological - Physiological Characteristics. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

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 Disease

Close

Resistant, sp. P. megakarya (Pod).

Note: (Note: Blaha 1976a [BLA76A] cites as showing resistance to Phytothphora palmivora.)

 Eskes, A.B., 1993

×

Reference

Eskes, A.B. 1993

Notes on clones with some resistance to Phytophthora spp. B. Eskes. Personal Communication.

Notes

Cameroon - IFCC, Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Reaction of pods to Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora Environment: No details Germplasm: 5 clones showing some resistance to P. megakarya, 4 of which are SNK clones with good resistance, ICS 84 with moderate resistance.

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 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).

Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded

 Morera, J., 1993

×

Reference

Morera, J. 1993

Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.

Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

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 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).

Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and punch inoculated

 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

×

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997

Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624

Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Each clone was represented in the ICG,T by 15 trees. Fully expanded green leaves of new flush (interflush 2) and mature unripe pods of similar size to ripe pods were used as test samples. Tissue paper mount inoculation of a 30 micro litre zoospore suspension was used to assess leaf resistance. The suspension was placed on the leaf surface with a micropipette and a 1 sq cm. piece of tissue paper was placed on the drop to allow even spread. Both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were inoculated on separate leaves with suspensions of 400,000 and 150,000 respectively. Seven replications of each clone were incubated at 25 degrees C. in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with polythene film for 72 hours. Control leaves were treated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was repeated twice. Established lesions were those with a minimum size of 0.4mm. Multiple point inculation as described in Iwaro, D. et al (1997a) was used to assess pod resistance. The 12 clones were replicated five times with controls and established lesions were those with a minimum diameter of 2mm. Four trials were conducted. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

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 Disease

Close

Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).

Note: Unripe, Unattached and not wounded

 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

×

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997

Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao): Influence of pod morphological characteristics. Plant Pathology 46: pp. 557-565

Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora STOMA_DS - Leaf/Fruit Anatomical Characteristics Germplasm: Information on 12 clones grown in the ICG,T. Environment: See details given for TTO - ICG,T Descriptors. Descriptors: Characteristics of the stomata, surface wax, exocarp and mesocarp hardness, exocarp and endocarp thickness of the pod are described in relation to infection by Phytophthora. Experimental Conditions: Each clone was represented by 15 trees at the ICG,T. Fully grown unripe pods were used. The multiple point inoculation method was used to assess frequency of lesions. A drop of inoculum (4 micro litres) was applied using a micro pipette at 10 points along the ridges of the surface of detached pods, with a zoospore concentration of 30,000 per ml. The control treatments recieved sterile distilled water. The pods were arranged in a completely randomised design with 5 replications in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with another plastic tray. The trays were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated at 25 degrees C. After 72 hours frequency of lesions was assessed based on the mean of successful inoculation points observed. Four trials were conducted. For stab inoculation a standard injury was created on the pod surface using 20 pins penetrating to a depth of 3mm. Inoculation followed Sreenivasan (1985) placing a 4mm. diameter disc of filter paper immersed in a zoospore suspension 200,000 per ml on the wound and covering with a spot plaster. Controls were treated with sterile distilled water. Pods were arranged in completely randomised design with 5 replications per clone and incubated at 25 degrees C. in trays lined with moist tissue paper and covered with plastic film. After 5 days the area of the established lesion was determined by transcribing the outline of the lesion onto brown paper and the area of the cuttings determined by a leaf area meter. The experiment was conducted twice. Data collected was subjected to square root transformation and analysis of variance to determine significance. Character data: Immature pod, stomatal pore length: 10 pods were assessed at five points per pod for each clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on furrow: each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on furrow: Each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Exocarp and mesocarp hardnes: tested at the equatior of the pods. 10 pods were assessed at 5 points per clone. Relative hardness was estimated in Newtons (N) per square mm. Pod wall moisture content: 5 pods were assessed for each clone. Wound: N=no, P=punch inoculation (4 mm hole), S3=stab inoculated to 3 mm depth, S9=stab inoculated to 9 mm depth. Morphological - Physiological Characteristics. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

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 Disease

Close

Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).

 Kebe, 1999

×

Reference

Kebe 1999

Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - Divo Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance based on leaf disk inoculation Environment and Germplasm: 53 Clones held at Divo, Cote d'Ivoire

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 Disease

Close

Resistant, 25.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).

Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded

 Blaha, G. & Lotode, R., 1976

×

Reference

Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. 1976

Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.

Notes

Cameroon - IFCC Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Decriptors: Resistance based on inoculation with zoospore suspension of P. palmivora Environment: IFCC, Cameroon Germplasm: 80 clones of trinitario and forestero type (SNK), 14 clones from Trinidad of criollo hybrids (ICS), five clones of Amazonian forestero (UPA) and hybrids produced at Tafo from recent introductions of IMC 60, IMC 67, NA 32, PA 7 [PER] and SCA 6.

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 Disease

Close

Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf (adaxial surface)).

Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and not wounded

 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

×

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997

Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624

Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Each clone was represented in the ICG,T by 15 trees. Fully expanded green leaves of new flush (interflush 2) and mature unripe pods of similar size to ripe pods were used as test samples. Tissue paper mount inoculation of a 30 micro litre zoospore suspension was used to assess leaf resistance. The suspension was placed on the leaf surface with a micropipette and a 1 sq cm. piece of tissue paper was placed on the drop to allow even spread. Both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were inoculated on separate leaves with suspensions of 400,000 and 150,000 respectively. Seven replications of each clone were incubated at 25 degrees C. in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with polythene film for 72 hours. Control leaves were treated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was repeated twice. Established lesions were those with a minimum size of 0.4mm. Multiple point inculation as described in Iwaro, D. et al (1997a) was used to assess pod resistance. The 12 clones were replicated five times with controls and established lesions were those with a minimum diameter of 2mm. Four trials were conducted. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

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 Disease

Close

Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf (abaxial surface)).

Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and not wounded

 Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

×

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997

Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624

Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Each clone was represented in the ICG,T by 15 trees. Fully expanded green leaves of new flush (interflush 2) and mature unripe pods of similar size to ripe pods were used as test samples. Tissue paper mount inoculation of a 30 micro litre zoospore suspension was used to assess leaf resistance. The suspension was placed on the leaf surface with a micropipette and a 1 sq cm. piece of tissue paper was placed on the drop to allow even spread. Both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were inoculated on separate leaves with suspensions of 400,000 and 150,000 respectively. Seven replications of each clone were incubated at 25 degrees C. in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with polythene film for 72 hours. Control leaves were treated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was repeated twice. Established lesions were those with a minimum size of 0.4mm. Multiple point inculation as described in Iwaro, D. et al (1997a) was used to assess pod resistance. The 12 clones were replicated five times with controls and established lesions were those with a minimum diameter of 2mm. Four trials were conducted. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

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 Disease

Close

Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).

 Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992

×

Reference

Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. 1992

Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC/CNRA Bingerville Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora PROGENY_ Descriptors Tolerance to Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Tolerance evaluated from the percentage of rotten pods after natural infection Germplasm: 70 clones of different origins

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 Disease

Close

 Vascular Streak Dieback

59.56 % Infection

Note: 23 plants sampled..

 Subali, S., 1992

×

Reference

Subali, S. 1992

MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - MARDI Datafile: MARDI_DS MYS - MARDI Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by MARDI. Environment: No details.

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 Disease

Close

 Mirids

Moderate Damage

Note: Trial I17. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = AB

 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

×

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995

Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield

Close

Moderate Damage

Note: Trial D13/4. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = BCDE

 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

×

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995

Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield

Close

Show Details Hide Details

 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992

Seed Index: 85.4 (dried beans per 100g)

Pod Index: 22.0 (pods per kg dried beans)

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992

Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

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 Yield  Bean

Close

 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Seed Index: 78.7 (dried beans per 100g)

Pod Index: 22.6 (pods per kg dried beans)

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Flower

Close

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Pod Index: 28.3 (pods per kg dried beans)

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

Yield: 1464 kg ha^-1 yr^-1

 Reference

×

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995

Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield

Close

 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

Yield: 528 kg ha^-1 yr^-1

 Reference

×

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995

Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield

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 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992

Number: 38.6

Dry Weight: 1.17 g

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992

Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

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 Yield  Bean

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Number: 34.5

Total Dry Weight: 44.2 g

Dry Weight: 1.27 g

Note: 48 plants sampled

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Flower

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 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970

Size: medium

 Reference

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970

A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Colour: purple

Shape: oblong

Number: 29.0

Total Wet Weight: 52.8 g

Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.22 g

Cotyledon Length: 23.9 mm

Cotyledon Width: 13.2 mm

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Butterfat Content: 56.70 %

Maximum Butterfat Content: 58.57 %

Minimum Butterfat Content: 54.59 %

Note: 8 plants sampled

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Testa: 5.30 %

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Trinidad - CRU, 1998

Butterfat Content: 55.50 %

Testa: 6.00 %

 Reference

×

Reference

Trinidad - CRU 1998

Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: TTOFATDS TTO - Fat Analysis Germplasm: Data is provided on 410 accessions. Environment: No details given. Descriptors: Data for the fat content of the shell, including standard error and the butterfat content is presented. Methods: Ripe, open pollinated pods were harvested, 2 pods from each of 5 trees (10 pods per accession) were selected. The beans were then mixed thoroughly and a sub-sample taken. The sub-sample was then cleaned to remove the mucliage, oven dried and stored at room temperature until analysis. For each accession 2 bean samples (each consisting of 20 beans) were taken from the bulked sample. The beans were shelled and eaach sample was groung using a coffee grinder (2x30 seconds). The ground samples were then dried for 16 hours at 110 degrees C, cooled and stored in a dessicator at 25 degrees C until analysis. From the cried ground samples, a 2 gram sub-sample was weighed into a beaker, 100 ml of 4.0M HCl was added and the sample boiled for 30 minutes. The boiled sample was filtered and the residue washed with distilled water until clear of pigment. After washing, the filtered sample was placed in an extraction thimble and dried for 16 hours at 60 degrees C. The butterfat from the bean samples was extracted using the Soxtec System (Tecetor). Each dried sample was extracted for one hour using petroleum ether (40-60) as the solvent. The butterfat extracted from the sample was then dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 100 degrees C, cooled in a dessicator and the percentage butterfat determined on a dry matter basis.

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 Butterfat

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 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970

Size: medium

 Reference

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970

A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Shape: elliptical

Basal Constriction: slight

Apex Form: acute

Rugosity: moderate

Length: 174.0 mm

Breadth: 85.0 mm

Colour: slight anthocyanin

Hardness: hard

Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Basal Constriction: absent

Apex Form: slightly acute

Rugosity: slight

Colour: absent anthocyanin

 Reference

×

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981

Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

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 Yield  Bean  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Morera, J. et al., 1991

Shape: amelonado

Colour: green

 Reference

×

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991

Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

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 Disease  Fruit  Flower

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 Fiona Lahive, 2017

Accession: RUQ 1275

Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 6.31 μmol m² s^-1

Stomatal Conductance: 0.14 mol m² s^-1

Transpiration Rate: 1.56 mmol m² s^-1

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 53.84 μmol mol^-1

Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.40 mmol mol^-1

Flush Size: 5

Leaf Area: 405.70 cm²

Leaf Dry Weight: 3.08 g

Specific Leaf Area: 132.20 cm² g^-1

 Reference

×

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017

Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

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 Phenotyping

Close

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Colour: intense anthocyanin

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Colour: light brown

 Reference

×

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981

Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

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 Yield  Bean  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Trinidad - ICGT, 1992

Distance from Base to Widest Part: 131 mm

Length: 260.0 mm

Width: 100.0 mm

Length to Width Ratio: 2.60

Basal Angle: 117.8 °

Apical Angle: 73.1 °

Petiole Length: 10 mm

Pulvinus Length: 17 mm

 Reference

×

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992

Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

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 Leaf

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 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970

Self Compatibility: self incompatible

 Reference

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970

A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin

Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent

Sepal Length: 8.31 mm

Ligule Width: 3.16 mm

Ovule Number: 41

Style Length: 2.51 mm

Pedicel Colour: red

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

 Morera, J. et al., 1991

Self Compatibility: self incompatible

 Reference

×

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991

Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

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 Disease  Fruit  Flower

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Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979) The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni (2012) Cocoa Improvement and Variety Delivery Effort in Cameroon. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. (1993) Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1998) Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

Gabon - SOCAGAB (1992) Liste des clones de la collection du C.M.C.E. de Minkong (Oyem, Gabon). Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD, Kourou, Guyane. Personal Communication.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

Chesney, P.E. (2008) Guyana accessions. Personal communication, September 2008.

CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. (1995) Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. (1997) Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao): Influence of pod morphological characteristics. Plant Pathology 46: pp. 557-565

Eskes, A.B. (1993) Notes on clones with some resistance to Phytophthora spp. B. Eskes. Personal Communication.

Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. (1997) Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624

Kebe (1999) Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.

Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. (1976) Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.

Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.

Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.