RESULT

Search Results

IMC 6 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo (Mid Channel).
Collected by Pound.
Location: Iquitos, Peru.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Main type - very large lagarta calabacillo pods, oval, very smooth, normal blanco. Seeds large, flat, losenge shaped. 'Hybrid group'-large pods, somewhat warty at stem end but smooth and round like calabacillo at the apex. Third group-small, oval, warty pods, dense flowering. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The common features of this group of clones are the high ovule numbers (65+) and a specific type of anthocyanin pigmentation in the stamens and base of the corolla. Posnette, 1945a [POS45A]. Petioles are of a type intermediate between those of Nanay (see NA) and Parinari (see PA) types; the constriction is usually short and narrow.

Notes: Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from at least two groups of trees which were free of Witches' Broom.

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. They are probably the progenies of two trees, later propagated as the clones P 18 [POU] and P 21 [POU].

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 112 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1997a, [BAR97A] The progeny of the individual clones is not documented and it is important not to consider the IMC clones as one homogeneous group.

SNP/SSR Images

Show Hide Reset

Synonyms: IQUITOS MIXED 6

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Putative Half-Sibs:: Group P27 Zhang, D. et al., 2009

Reference

Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. 2009
Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2; IMC 10; IMC 105; IMC 107; IMC 11; IMC 12; IMC 13; IMC 16; IMC 18; IMC 23; IMC 27; IMC 30; IMC 33; IMC 38; IMC 42; IMC 44; IMC 47; IMC 53; IMC 55; IMC 58; IMC 59; IMC 60; IMC 61; IMC 63; IMC 65; IMC 68; IMC 71; IMC 76; IMC 77; IMC 78; IMC 85; IMC 9; IMC 96; IMC 98

POPULATION

Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008: 'Iquitos' Population; Subgroup: 'IMC I' Reference

Reference

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. 2008
Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Population SSR

HELD IN

Show Details Hide Details

United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 761 ICQC,R; - Local Name: IMC 6; - Year of Accession: 1997
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 21891; - Local Name: IMC-6; - Year of Accession: 2005
Cote d'Ivoire, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA): List received in 1989 Reference

Reference

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC 1989
Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Notes

List of clones grouped as West African Amelonados, Lower Amazons, Venezuelan collections, French Guiana collections, Ecuadorian collections, local Trinitarios, other Trinitarios, upper Amazons and Criollos. Notes on origin, date and place of origin and nature of the material (cuttings, budwood, seed).; • Local Name: IMC 6; - Year of Accession: 1977
Ecuador, Estation Experimental Tropical Pichilingue: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

EET - Pichilingue 2012
Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: IMC - 6; - Year of Accession: 1967
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: IMC6; - Year of Accession: 1974
India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; • Accession: VTLC 133; - Local Name: IMC 6
Indonesia, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Susilo, A. 2008
The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.; • Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00547; - Local Name: IMC6
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: IMC 6
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: IMC 6

DISEASE

Show Details Hide Details

Phytophthora: 19.12 % Infection (Pod).; Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = BCD; Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995
Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

Disease Pests Yield; Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992

Reference

Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. 1992
Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC/CNRA Bingerville Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora PROGENY_ Descriptors Tolerance to Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Tolerance evaluated from the percentage of rotten pods after natural infection Germplasm: 70 clones of different origins

Disease; Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Unattached and not wounded; Iwaro, D., 1998

Reference

Iwaro, D. 1998
Evalation of accessions for Black Pod. Personal Communication 30th October 1998. Data sent by email from Dr. Iwaro.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Inoculation techinique used - spray method. Inoculum concentration: 100,000 zoospores/ml. Incubated for four days. Character Data: The following descriptions are used to segregate clones according to reaction: no visible symptoms = highly resistant to penetration, 1-5 localised lesions = resistant, 6-15 localised lesions = moderately resistant, >15 localised lesions = partially resistant/resistant to spread of lesion alone, 1-5 expanding lesions = partially resistant/resistant to penetration alone, 6-15 expanding lesions = moderately susceptible, >15 expanding lesions = susceptible, coalesced lesions = highly susceptible Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).; Kebe, 1999

Reference

Kebe 1999
Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - Divo Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance based on leaf disk inoculation Environment and Germplasm: 53 Clones held at Divo, Cote d'Ivoire

Disease

PESTS

Mirids: Resistant; K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003

Reference

K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud 2003
Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Study on the Resistance of Cocoa Trees to Mirids in Cote d’Ivoire: Classification of Major Cocoa Tree Groups by their Level of Resistance / Sensitivity'.

Pests
Red Squirrel: Very Resistant (Sciurus granatensis); Warren, J. & Emamdie, D., 1993

Reference

Warren, J. & Emamdie, D. 1993
Rodent resistance in cacao Theobroma cacao L. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 70: pp.286-288
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: RODENTDS TTO - Rodent damage Germplasm: Cocoa accessions from the ICG,T were evaluated for their reaction to rodent damage to ripe and unripe pods. Method: Experiment 1: ten ripe and ten unripe pods of each accession were tied onto a single tree selected at random in an abandoned cocoa estate at Mount St. Benedict where a large numbers of the tropical squirrel Sciurius granatensis had been observed. The number of pods damaged was monitored daily for a period of six days after which time the pods were harvested and final weights recorded. Experiment 2: Since virtually all ripe pods were damaged in experiment 1, only mature unripe pods were used in the second experiment. Thirty pods were detached from each of 10 accessions in March 1992. Ten pods of each accession were tested at each of three localities as in Experiment 1. The test sites were Mount St. Benedict, Maracas Valley and El Tucuche, all of which were located in abandoned cocoa estates in Trinidad's Northern Range. The number of pods damaged by rodents after 1 week was recorded. Resistance inferred from damage to pods.

Pests

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 23.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Sounigo, O. et al., 1995: Yield: 1344 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Reference

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995
Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

Disease Pests Yield

BEAN

Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: medium; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: ovate; Number: 53.0; Total Wet Weight: 63.8 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.79 g; Cotyledon Length: 20.8 mm; Cotyledon Width: 10.1 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 13.10 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Trinidad - CRU, 1998: Butterfat Content: 55.00 %; Testa: 6.40 %; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - CRU 1998
Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: TTOFATDS TTO - Fat Analysis Germplasm: Data is provided on 410 accessions. Environment: No details given. Descriptors: Data for the fat content of the shell, including standard error and the butterfat content is presented. Methods: Ripe, open pollinated pods were harvested, 2 pods from each of 5 trees (10 pods per accession) were selected. The beans were then mixed thoroughly and a sub-sample taken. The sub-sample was then cleaned to remove the mucliage, oven dried and stored at room temperature until analysis. For each accession 2 bean samples (each consisting of 20 beans) were taken from the bulked sample. The beans were shelled and eaach sample was groung using a coffee grinder (2x30 seconds). The ground samples were then dried for 16 hours at 110 degrees C, cooled and stored in a dessicator at 25 degrees C until analysis. From the cried ground samples, a 2 gram sub-sample was weighed into a beaker, 100 ml of 4.0M HCl was added and the sample boiled for 30 minutes. The boiled sample was filtered and the residue washed with distilled water until clear of pigment. After washing, the filtered sample was placed in an extraction thimble and dried for 16 hours at 60 degrees C. The butterfat from the bean samples was extracted using the Soxtec System (Tecetor). Each dried sample was extracted for one hour using petroleum ether (40-60) as the solvent. The butterfat extracted from the sample was then dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 100 degrees C, cooled in a dessicator and the percentage butterfat determined on a dry matter basis.

Butterfat

FRUIT

Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: large; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: obovate; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: slight; Length: 182.0 mm; Breadth: 91.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 761; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 3.84 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.08 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.21 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 51.94 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.49 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 5; Leaf Area: 399.80 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 2.59 g; Specific Leaf Area: 157.00 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Trinidad - ICGT, 1992: Distance from Base to Widest Part: 135 mm; Length: 288.0 mm; Width: 94.0 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 3.10; Basal Angle: 122.5 °; Apical Angle: 68.0 °; Petiole Length: 19 mm; Pulvinus Length: 15 mm; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992
Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

Leaf

FLOWER

Allen, J.B., 1988: Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 8.50 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Pedicel Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Allen, J.B. 1988
Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.
Notes

Colombia, Ecuador - Amazon region Datafile: LCT___DC ECU - LCTAP Fruit and seed characteristics LCT2__DS LCTAP Habit and flower characteristics LCT___DS ECU - LCTAP Field and genebank data Germplasm: Details of 234 LCT-EEN and EBC accessions from material collected in the Amazon region of Ecuador and R. Caqueta, Colombia and several of Pound's collections held at the San Carlos genebank. Environment: Accessions were either described at the time of collection or after planting in the field genebank at the San Carlos site of the INIAP Napo-Payamino Experimental Station in Napo Province. In the field genebank, a maximum of 10 seedlings for each collection were planted in a single row and budwood collections were planted as a row of up to 5 plants. Trees were spaced at 3m within the row and 4m between rows. Meteorological data are given in the table as mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperature and mean total rainfall per month. Soil analyses were carried out in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Edinburgh University, UK. The table shows the means of duplicate analyses of five samples taken from the genebank site and the forest surrounding the genebank. Soil data: pH 4.2 Org. Mat. (%) 9.4 N (Total, %) 0.3 P (Total, µg/g) 702 Ca (meq/100g) 5.19 Mg (meq/100g) 1.60 K (meq/100g) 0.48 Ca/Mg (ratio) 3.24 Ca+Mg/K (ratio) 14.1 Meteorological data: Temperature (°C) Rainfall (mm) Daily Max. Daily Min. January 30.9 21.2 116.2 February 29.1 20.6 272.3 March 29.8 21.2 260.0 April 29.9 21.3 327.5 May 29.9 21.0 287.9 June 27.9 20.4 308.1 July 28.1 20.0 254.1 August 29.3 20.3 262.5 September 30.3 20.5 282.4 October 30.6 21.1 257.1 November 30.8 21.1 361.2 December 31.0 21.4 154.8 Descriptors: The coding of the descriptors, and the methodology of recording, is based on the IBPGR standardised format, Engels et al., 1980 [ENG80A] and Engels, 1981 [ENG81A]. However, pod and bean data were recorded from a sample of 1-5 pods per collection, rather than the recommended sample of 10-20 pods due to limited availability of pods.

Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 7.05 mm; Ligule Width: 2.67 mm; Ovule Number: 52; Style Length: 2.47 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. (2009) Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. (1995) Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

Iwaro, D. (1998) Evalation of accessions for Black Pod. Personal Communication 30th October 1998. Data sent by email from Dr. Iwaro.

Kebe (1999) Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.

K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Warren, J. & Emamdie, D. (1993) Rodent resistance in cacao Theobroma cacao L. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 70: pp.286-288

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.

Allen, J.B. (1988) Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.