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AMAZ 14    Theobroma cacao

 Chalmers, W.S. (1973)
Report on a visit to Ecuador, Peru, and Brasil, March 1st-April 15th 1973. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 31.

Derivation: r. AMAZonas.
Collected by INIAP/UWI Chalmers.
Location: R. Amazonas nr Iquitos, Ecuador.

(Chalmers, 1973a [CHA73A]) AMAZ 3 [CHA] to AMAZ 10 [CHA] and AMAZ 15 [CHA] were selected from a planted area of cocoa with trees showing a range of pod types from five pairs of very distinct, slightly rugose ridges to a very smooth ridgeless calabacillo type. Most had a slight bottleneck and several had a pronounced "blanco" foundation colour. Several pods showed a very characteristic slightly rough, minutely pimpled surface. Some had a very hard pod wall (AMAZ 5, 7 and 8 [CHA]). The number of seeds per pod varied between 11 and 49. All the seeds were dark purple, generally small to medium in size and, within the same pod, plump and flattish seed occured. Only AMAZ 3 [CHA] and AMAZ [15] showed any Witches broom infection. AMAZ 11and AMAZ 12 were collected from Iquitos island, where Pound collected the IMC family. Many of the trees growing in the farm had pods very similar to those of IMC 67 although AMAZ 12 had a more Amelonado shaped pod with a fairly hard shell. AMAZ 13 [CHA] and AMAZ 14 [CHA] had marked pigmentation in the flush. The peduncles were pigmented but not the stamens. The young pods were smooth and Amelonado shaped. The petioles were distinctively short, thick and without any constriction.

Notes:  Collected in 1973.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] The seed collected on this expedition was divided between Trinidad and Ecuador. At present only the data on the seedling progeny at Trinidad is available.
 

 Bartley, B.G.D. (1997)
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (4th - 15th August 1997). B.G.D.Bartley. Personal Communications.

Notes:  The seed collected on this expedition was divided between Trinidad and Ecuador. At present only the data on the seedling progeny at Trinidad is available.
 

Synonyms: AMAZON 14, AMAZONAS 14, AMA 14 [CHA]

Location: R. Amazonas, Loreto, Peru
Date: April 1973
Coordinates: 73.10 W, 3.45 S
Material collected: Budwood
Notes: Iquitos. by river opp. Hotel Turistica.5m from AMAZ 13
Expedition Code: 73CH
   Chalmers, W.S., 1973

 Mother to:
INIAP T 270    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel et al., 2017
INIAP T 367    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel et al., 2017
INIAP T 484    Freddy Amores et al., 2009
INIAP T 54    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel et al., 2017
INIAP T 410    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, 2010
INIAP T 460    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, 2010
INIAP T 484    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, 2010
INIAP T 550    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, 2010
INIAP T 577    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, 2010
INIAP T 649    Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, 2010

'Iquitos' Population
Subgroup: 'all'   Reference
'Iquitos' Population
Subgroup: 'Amazonas'   Reference

 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774308   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629516
BioSample: SAMN09934397
SampleName: AMAZ-14_G24_A5
SampleSource: Ecuador
Run: SRR7774309   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629515
BioSample: SAMN09934396
SampleName: AMAZ-14_G23_A1
SampleSource: Ecuador

 HELD IN

 Ecuador, Estation Experimental Tropical Pichilingue
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMA - 14

Absent (Expedition data).
 Chalmers, W.S., 1970

Rugosity: smooth
Note: expedition data
 Reference

Chalmers, W.S. (1973) Report on a visit to Ecuador, Peru, and Brasil, March 1st-April 15th 1973. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 31.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1997) Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (4th - 15th August 1997). B.G.D.Bartley. Personal Communications.
Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel, Ignacio A Sotomayor-Cantos, T Casanova, G Rodríguez, L Plaza & Zambrano (2017) Selection of Cocoa Genotypes (Theobroma Cacao L) Resistant to Witches’ Broom Disease (Moniliophthora Perniciosa) in Los Ríos, Ecuador. Ciencia y Tecnología, 10: 17–26
Freddy Amores, Geover Peña, Darío Calderón, Juan Agama, Carmen Suarez, Juan Motamayor, Raymond Schnell, James Quiroz, Gastón Loor & Omar Tarqui (2009) Research to Identify and Develop High Yielding Fine and Flavour Cocoa Clones in Ecuador. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Tarqui-Freire, Omar Miguel (2010) EVALUACIÓN DE CLONES DE CACAO (Theobroma Cacao L.) PROVENIENTES DE PLÁNTULAS HÍBRIDAS SELECCIONADAS POR RESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDAD ESCOBA DE BRUJA (Moniliopththora Perniciosa). Universidad Tecnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.
Chalmers, W.S. (1970) Data accumulated from Chalmers' Collection reports from expeditions to Ecuador between 1968-1973. Series of 7 unpublished Reports. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies. See other reference entries for details.