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AMAZ 15 /15    Theobroma cacao

 Chalmers, W.S. (1973)
Report on a visit to Ecuador, Peru, and Brasil, March 1st-April 15th 1973. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 31.

Derivation: r. AMAZonas.
Collected by INIAP/UWI Chalmers.
Location: R. Amazonas nr Iquitos, Ecuador.

(Chalmers, 1973a [CHA73A]) AMAZ 3 [CHA] to AMAZ 10 [CHA] and AMAZ 15 [CHA] were selected from a planted area of cocoa with trees showing a range of pod types from five pairs of very distinct, slightly rugose ridges to a very smooth ridgeless calabacillo type. Most had a slight bottleneck and several had a pronounced "blanco" foundation colour. Several pods showed a very characteristic slightly rough, minutely pimpled surface. Some had a very hard pod wall (AMAZ 5, 7 and 8 [CHA]). The number of seeds per pod varied between 11 and 49. All the seeds were dark purple, generally small to medium in size and, within the same pod, plump and flattish seed occured. Only AMAZ 3 [CHA] and AMAZ [15] showed any Witches broom infection. AMAZ 11and AMAZ 12 were collected from Iquitos island, where Pound collected the IMC family. Many of the trees growing in the farm had pods very similar to those of IMC 67 although AMAZ 12 had a more Amelonado shaped pod with a fairly hard shell. AMAZ 13 [CHA] and AMAZ 14 [CHA] had marked pigmentation in the flush. The peduncles were pigmented but not the stamens. The young pods were smooth and Amelonado shaped. The petioles were distinctively short, thick and without any constriction.

Notes:  Collected in 1973.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] The seed collected on this expedition was divided between Trinidad and Ecuador. At present only the data on the seedling progeny at Trinidad is available.
 

 Bartley, B.G.D. (1997)
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (4th - 15th August 1997). B.G.D.Bartley. Personal Communications.

Notes:  The seed collected on this expedition was divided between Trinidad and Ecuador. At present only the data on the seedling progeny at Trinidad is available.
 

Synonyms: AMAZ 15 /1, AMAZON 15 /1, AMAZON 15 /15, AMAZONAS 15 /1, AMAZONAS 15 /15, AMA 15 /1 [CHA], AMA 15 /15 [CHA], AMZ 15-15

Location: R. Amazonas, Loreto, Peru (cocoa plantation)
Date: April 1973
Coordinates: 73.10 W, 3.45 S
Material collected: Seed
Notes: Iquitos San Jose de Bufeo. 15 min up river from AMAZ 2.
Expedition Code: 73CH
   Chalmers, W.S., 1973

 Parents:
AMAZ 15  x Unknown   Bartley, B.G.D., 1997

'Iquitos' Population
Subgroup: 'Amazonas'   Reference
'Iquitos' Population
 Reference

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 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774306   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629518
BioSample: SAMN09934399
SampleName: AMAZ_15_15
SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: 17421
 Reference    View Associated Data
BioProject: PRJNA558793   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic & Transcriptomic
 
Run: SRR14022548   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
Experiment: SRX10399127
BioSample: SAMN12500390
SampleName: Amaz-15/15
SampleSource: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica, Tree_ID: P000004
Run: SRR14022549   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
Experiment: SRX10399126
BioSample: SAMN12500390
SampleName: Amaz-15/15
SampleSource: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica, Tree_ID: P000004
Run: SRR9938284   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
Experiment: SRX6686839
BioSample: SAMN12500390
SampleName: Amaz-15/15
SampleSource: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica, Tree_ID: P000004
Run: SRR9938289   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
Experiment: SRX6686834
BioSample: SAMN12500390
SampleName: Amaz-15/15
SampleSource: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica, Tree_ID: P000004
Run: SRR9938290   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
Experiment: SRX6686833
BioSample: SAMN12500390
SampleName: Amaz-15/15
SampleSource: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica, Tree_ID: P000004
Run: SRR9938229   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Transcriptomic
Experiment: SRX6686894
BioSample: SAMN12500390
SampleName: Amaz-15/15
SampleSource: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica, Tree_ID: P000004

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 556
   - Local Name: AMAZON 15.15
   - Year of Accession: 1985
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ-15/15
   - Year of Accession: 1996
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15 /15 [CHA]
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 21913
   - Local Name: AMAZ-15/15
   - Year of Accession: 2005
List received in 1989   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZON 15 /15 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1985
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15-15
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15-15
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ15-15
   - Year of Accession: 1997
• Local Name: AMAZ15-15
   - Year of Accession: 1998
 India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI)
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: VTLC 158
   - Local Name: AMAZ-15/15
List received in 1997   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15 /15 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1996
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00464
   - Local Name: AMZ 15-15
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: AMZ 15-15
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZON 15 /15 [CHA]
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15 /15 [CHA]
List received in 1998   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15 /15 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1996
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 15/15 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1973
List received in 2016   Reference
• Accession: PI 668460     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: AMAZ 15-15
   - Year of Accession: 2007
List received in 2010   Reference
• Accession: MIA 35747     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: AMAZ 15-15
   - Year of Accession: 2001

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Moderately Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on mycelium development.
 Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello, 2003
Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on perithecium development.
 Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello, 2003
Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia..
 Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003
Resistant
 Guiltinan, Mark, 2019
37.20 % Infection (Field Reaction).
Note: 14.1% of trees with <30% infected branches, 20.1% of trees with 30 to 70% infected branches, 3.0% of trees with >70% infected branches.. Sime Darby Plantations, Devon Estate.
 Lam, K.S., 1992
52.50 % Infection
Note: 24 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992

Resistant
 K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003

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Seed Index: 92.5 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 22.1 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 116.2 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 28.1 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Pod Index: 22.0 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 121.0 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 34.9 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

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Number: 41.9
Dry Weight: 1.08 g
 Reference
Number: 41.4
Total Dry Weight: 35.6 g
Dry Weight: 0.86 g
Note: 37 plants sampled
 Reference
Colour: dark purple
Shape: ovate
Number: 42.0
Total Wet Weight: 63.1 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.08 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.2 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.9 mm
 Reference
Number: 38.2
Dry Weight: 0.82 g
 Reference
Number: 42.5
Dry Weight: 0.85 g
 Reference

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Butterfat Content: 56.70 %
Maximum Butterfat Content: 58.08 %
Minimum Butterfat Content: 54.58 %
Note: 8 plants sampled
 Reference
Testa: 4.60 %
 Reference
Butterfat Content: 51.93 %
Testa: 5.08 %
 Reference

Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: indented
Rugosity: slight
Length: 158.0 mm
Breadth: 80.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference
Length: 156.1 mm
Breadth: 76.4 mm
Weight: 382.2 g
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.00
 Reference

Colour: intense anthocyanin
 Reference

Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 7.92 mm
Ligule Width: 2.37 mm
Ovule Number: 47
Style Length: 2.53 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Chalmers, W.S. (1973) Report on a visit to Ecuador, Peru, and Brasil, March 1st-April 15th 1973. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 31.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1997) Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (4th - 15th August 1997). B.G.D.Bartley. Personal Communications.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Guiltinan, Mark (2019) Theobroma cacao Disease Resistance: Discovery and Functional Characterization of Genes Regulating Plant Immunity in Perennial Crops. NCBI
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Eskes, A.B. (1999) Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
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Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
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India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.
Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
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Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello (2003) Evaluación de la Resistencia Al Mal del Machete en Clones Internacionales de Cacao en Ecuador. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
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K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Palaniappan, S. & Shuhaimi Shamsuddin (1992) Early evaluation of some cocoa germplasm at Pusut Perkhidmatan Pertanian Tun Razak. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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