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PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Zamora, A.P., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1974)
Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Cocoa Conference, 1972, St. Augustine, Trinidad. (Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad), pp. 57-68.

Location: R. Orinoco delta, Venezuela.

Notes: Zamora et al., 1974 [ZAM74A] Selected for Witches broom resistance.

Listed under the name P A in End et al. 1992 (END92A]. ICGD accepted name changed to PLAYA ALTA [VEN] to avoid confusion with Pound's PA [PER] collections from Peru and the PA [BRA] collections from Brazil.

SNP/SSR Populations Images

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Synonyms: VLA 552 [VEN], P A 2 [VEN], VLA PV 552 [VEN]

HELD IN

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United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 232 ICQC,R; - Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]; - Year of Accession: 1989; • Accession: RUQ 232B ICQC,R; - Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]; - Year of Accession: 1989
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 1074; - Local Name: P. ALTA 2
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PLAYA-ALTA-2
Cameroon, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD): List received in 1999 Reference

Reference

Eskes, A.B. 1999
Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 21944; - Local Name: Playa Alta-2; - Year of Accession: 2005
Cote d'Ivoire, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA): List received in 1999 Reference

Reference

Eskes, A.B. 1999
Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA2
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]
Nigeria, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN): List received in 1999 Reference

Reference

Eskes, A.B. 1999
Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]
Papua New Guinea, Cocoa and Coconut Institute (CCI): List received in 1999 Reference

Reference

Eskes, A.B. 1999
Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: PLAYA ALTA 2 [VEN]; - Year of Accession: 1965
United States of America, USDA-SHRS: List received in 2010 Reference

Reference

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. 2010
List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Website visited 8th July 2010.

Link Unavailable [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_site_acc.pl?MAY%20Theobroma%20cacao]; • Accession: MIA 35775 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: Playa Alta 2; - Year of Accession: 2001
Venezuela, MAC Caucagua: List received in 1973 Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; • Local Name: VLA 552 [VEN]

DISEASE

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Ceratocystis: Moderately Susceptible (Branch).; Note: Based on mycelium and perithecium development.; Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello, 2003

Reference

Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello 2003
Evaluación de la Resistencia Al Mal del Machete en Clones Internacionales de Cacao en Ecuador. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Evaluation of Resistance Against Ceratocystis Wilt in International Cocoa Clones in Ecuador'.
Both mycelium and perithecium development were scored; 8 clones were tested twice.

Disease; Moderate Resistance; Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Frosty Pod Rot: Moderate Resistance; Note: Artificial reaction to frosty pod.; Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield
Phytophthora: Susceptible; Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Witches Broom: Moderately Susceptible; Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Resistant (Field Reaction).; Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

Reference

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Trinidad - ICG,T, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; Tolerant; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 22.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973: Pod Index: 21.3 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 800 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Yield (wet beans per tree): 2.10 kg; Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

BEAN

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Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: medium - large; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: light purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 36.0; Total Wet Weight: 72.7 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.26 g; Cotyledon Length: 23.9 mm; Cotyledon Width: 13.1 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973: Colour Light Purple: Present; Shape: oval; Size: medium; Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 6.50 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Trinidad - CRU, 1998: Butterfat Content: 53.00 %; Testa: 5.40 %; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - CRU 1998
Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: TTOFATDS TTO - Fat Analysis Germplasm: Data is provided on 410 accessions. Environment: No details given. Descriptors: Data for the fat content of the shell, including standard error and the butterfat content is presented. Methods: Ripe, open pollinated pods were harvested, 2 pods from each of 5 trees (10 pods per accession) were selected. The beans were then mixed thoroughly and a sub-sample taken. The sub-sample was then cleaned to remove the mucliage, oven dried and stored at room temperature until analysis. For each accession 2 bean samples (each consisting of 20 beans) were taken from the bulked sample. The beans were shelled and eaach sample was groung using a coffee grinder (2x30 seconds). The ground samples were then dried for 16 hours at 110 degrees C, cooled and stored in a dessicator at 25 degrees C until analysis. From the cried ground samples, a 2 gram sub-sample was weighed into a beaker, 100 ml of 4.0M HCl was added and the sample boiled for 30 minutes. The boiled sample was filtered and the residue washed with distilled water until clear of pigment. After washing, the filtered sample was placed in an extraction thimble and dried for 16 hours at 60 degrees C. The butterfat from the bean samples was extracted using the Soxtec System (Tecetor). Each dried sample was extracted for one hour using petroleum ether (40-60) as the solvent. The butterfat extracted from the sample was then dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 100 degrees C, cooled in a dessicator and the percentage butterfat determined on a dry matter basis.

Butterfat

FRUIT

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Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: large; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: strong; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 177.0 mm; Breadth: 84.0 mm; Colour: slight anthocyanin; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973: Shape: cundeamor; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: thin; Size: medium; Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 232; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 2.90 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.06 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 0.68 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 77.67 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.53 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 3; Leaf Area: 252.60 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.87 g; Specific Leaf Area: 137.00 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

LEAF

Trinidad - ICGT, 1992: Distance from Base to Widest Part: 139 mm; Length: 280.0 mm; Width: 101.0 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 2.80; Basal Angle: 98.5 °; Apical Angle: 62.1 °; Petiole Length: 19 mm; Pulvinus Length: 16 mm; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992
Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

Leaf
Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973: Shape: elliptic; Basal Form: rounded; Apex Form: caudate; Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

FLOWER

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Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 7.50 mm; Ligule Width: 2.24 mm; Ovule Number: 48; Style Length: 2.02 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973: Ligule Colour: intense anthocyanin; Stamen Size: large; Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Size: large; Ligule Size: medium; Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin; Pedicel Size: medium; Pedicel Colour: slight anthocyanin; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. 1973
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Notes

Venezuela - Estaçion Experimental de Caucagua Datafile: MAC___DS VEN - MAC Cauagua 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: Information on 60 Venezuelan clones is presented which include Criollo, Forastero and hybrid types. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Pod, bean and flower characteristics are described together with some information on disease/pest reactions and yield. In some cases additional information on reaction to pests and diseases is supplied.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

REFERENCES

Zamora, A.P., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1974) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Cocoa Conference, 1972, St. Augustine, Trinidad. (Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad), pp. 57-68.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Eskes, A.B. (1999) Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. (2010) List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. (1973) Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.

Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello (2003) Evaluación de la Resistencia Al Mal del Machete en Clones Internacionales de Cacao en Ecuador. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell (2009) Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.