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SCA 19    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Collected by Pound.
Location: Rio Ucayali, Peru.

Notes:  Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 22 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Fausto Coral said that SCA stands for Sabino Contamana. Bartley considers that it is likely that the material comes from the town known to Pound as Contamana (on the R. Ucayali) since these progenies are very similar to P 31 [POU] from this area. Miguel Aspiazu (who accompanied Pound in Ecuador) said SCA came from Sabino and this may have been misinterpreted as SCAVINA.

UK - CABI Bioscience, 1998 [CAB98A] During surveys of Theobroma and Herrania spp. along the Amazon and Ucayali rivers (Pucallpa-Iquitos) in Octobet 1998, the local guide provided some detailed information on the history of the region. It seems the origin of the Scavinas is near to Iquitos around the Nanay river, from a Hacienda owned by the ESCAVINO family. The farm goes back to the pre-1930's but most of it has now been destroyed as the river Nanay has changed its course. This story, and the corruption of the name, was confirmed by a respected Peruvian agronomist, Reynaldo Crespo, who worked in the region 40 years ago.
 

Synonyms: EET 302 [IMP], EET IMP 302, SCAVINA 19

 NOTES

August 2006. The accession held by this name at the University of Reading Cocoa Quarantine Centre is now known to have been mislabelled.

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Contamana' Population
Subgroup: 'Scavina'   Reference

 GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

 Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774197   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629627
BioSample: SAMN09934541
SampleName: SCA_19
SampleSource: Costa Rica, Tree_ID: Tc00522

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 937
   - Local Name: SCA 19
• Accession: 937
   - Local Name: SCA 19
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: SCA-19
   - Year of Accession: 1996
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 21986
   - Local Name: SCA-19
   - Year of Accession: 2006
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: SCA 19
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: SCA 19
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: SCA 19
   - Year of Accession: 1968
List received in 1993   Reference
• Local Name: SCA 19
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: SCA 19

 DISEASE

 Phytophthora
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Unattached and not wounded
 Iwaro, D., 1998
 Vascular Streak Dieback
6.94 % Infection
Note: 18 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992

 YIELD

 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992
Seed Index: 149.2 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 41.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 27.2 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992
Number: 35.8
Dry Weight: 0.67 g
 Reference
 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: small
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 40.0
Total Wet Weight: 50.7 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.92 g
Cotyledon Length: 21.2 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.5 mm
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 6.10 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: medium
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: moderate
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 153.0 mm
Breadth: 76.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: slight anthocyanin
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 5.25 mm
Ligule Width: 1.74 mm
Ovule Number: 47
Style Length: 1.52 mm
Pedicel Colour: red
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Nigeria - CRIN (1994) CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.
Soloman Islands - S.I. Plantns (1993) Inventory of Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd. Unpublished report, Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd, Soloman Islands, p.1.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Iwaro, D. (1998) Evalation of accessions for Black Pod. Personal Communication 30th October 1998. Data sent by email from Dr. Iwaro.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.