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RIM 13 [MEX] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Hunter, J.R. (1961)
The status of cacao variety improvement work in the Western Hemisphere. Cacao (Costa Rica) 4: pp. 1-16.

Derivation: Rosario Izapa Mexico.
Collected by del Arco & Spencer.
Location: Tuxclachico, Chiapas, Mexico.

Hunter, 1961a [HUN61A]. Fruit - Long, thin Soconusco type. Seed - white. Bartley, 1997a [BAR97A]. Most of the genotypes are very similar with regard to their vegetative and floral characteristics. The fruit shapes also show very little variation as do most other fruit characteristics. Most of these genotypes have fruit with a light green colour and the others have some degree of anthocyanin pigmentation.

Notes: Hunter, 1961 [HUN61A] Selections from Hda La Rioja. Selections from the Pacific coast with some MATINA genes.

In the original format of the name was composed of a number with "R" or "RIM" as suffix to that.

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Synonyms: R 13 [MEX]

GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

Jaime A Osorio-Guarín et al., 2020

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA734904 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR14743831 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX11078291

BioSample: SAMN19549202

SampleName: R13

SampleSource: AGROSAVIA, Colombia

HELD IN

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Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1990
List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.; • Local Name: R 13 [MEX]
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 10420; - Local Name: RIM-13; - Year of Accession: 1958
France, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: RIM 13; - Year of Accession: 1993
French Guiana, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: RIM 13; - Year of Accession: 1991
Guatemala, Estacion Exeparimental Los Brillantes: List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes 1994
Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: R 13 [MEX]; - Year of Accession: 1955
Mexico, Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, INIFAP: List received in 1992 Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Mulato-Brito, J. & Lopez-Arroyo, J. 1992
Recursos geneticos del cacao, Theobroma cacao L. disponibles en Mexico. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 18(1-2): pp. 25-38.; • Local Name: RIM 13 [MEX]; - Year of Accession: 1945
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: RIM 13 [MEX]; - Year of Accession: 1994
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2016 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2016
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Original link: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/view2.aspx?dv=web_site_taxon_accessionlist¶ms=:taxonomyid=101885;:siteid=7 (not working)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: PI 241194 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: RIM 13 [MEX]; - Year of Accession: 1939; • Accession: TARS 16787 B GRIN-Global; - Local Name: RIM 13 [MEX]; - Year of Accession: 1939
Venezuela, MAC Caucagua: List received in 1972 Reference

Reference

Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. 1972
Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.; • Local Name: R 13 [MEX]

DISEASE

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Ceratocystis: Resistant; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Resistant; Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

Reference

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Trinidad - ICG,T, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; Susceptible; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Frosty Pod Rot: Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 4.4 and Internal Severety = 4.5; Phillips, W., 1996

Reference

Phillips, W. 1996
Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease; Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 4.4 and Internal Severety = 4.5; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease
Phytophthora: Resistant; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Susceptible; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Morera, J., 1993

Reference

Morera, J. 1993
Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

Disease; Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Lawrence, J.S., 1978

Reference

Lawrence, J.S. 1978
Screening of cacao cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica. Revista Theobroma 8: pp. 125-131.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora ABSTRACT Screening of the CATIE collection for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora was initiated, using point-inoculation with zoospore suspension of unwounded attached pods to evaluate cultivar response. Of the 51 cultivars tested, 9 showed a promising degree of resistance; EET 59, EET 376, POUND 7, UF 713, UF 715, SCAVINA 6, SCAVINA 12, CATONGO, DIAMANTES 800. METHOD The inoculation method used was point inoculation with standard zoospore suspension of attached pods without wounding as described by Lawrence, 1978b [LAW78B]. Pods of known age, one month before maturity were used and whenever possible only one or two pods were selected from each tree. Ten replicate pods per cultivar were inoculated and when sufficient pods were available each cultivar was tested on at least two different occasions. Both percentage successful infection and average lesion diameters were recorded, the latter when lesion sizes on pods of UF 677, a standard, highly susceptible cultivar included in all tests, attained an average diameter of 6 cm. When cultivars were tested twice or more, percentage infection and average lesion diameters were calculated from the sum of all inoculated pods. The same single-sporangium P. palmivora isolate (morphological form 1, compatibility type A2), selected on the basis of pathogenicity on pods, was used in all tests. To maintain infective potential, the isolate was passed through pod tissue every 1-2 months. Zoospore suspensions at a concentration of 2 x 10 to the power of 5 spores/ml were prepared as described in Lawrence, 1978b [LAW78B]. All tests were carried out between April and December, a period which encompassed peaks in P. palmivora incidence and which coincided with the times of higher pod production and greatest rainfall. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda.

Disease

YIELD

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Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 28.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Seed Index: 64.5 (dried beans per 100g); Productivity: high; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Lopez-Baez, O., 1995: Seed Index: 76.9 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 19.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O. 1995
Caracteristicas del fruto del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 21(2): pp. 127-137.
Notes

Mexico - Rosario Izapa, Chiapas Datafile: MEX___DS MEX - Description of RIM [MEX] clones Environment: No details. Descriptors: Fruit characteristics are recorded. See also associated paper on flower and seed characteristics - Lopez-Baez & Mendez-Wong 1992 [LOP92A].

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit

BEAN

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Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 35.0; Total Wet Weight: 57.5 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.99 g; Cotyledon Length: 21.1 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.3 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour Dark Purple: Present; Colour Light Purple: Present; Colour Grey: Absent; Colour White: Present; Colour Mottled: Absent; Number: 31.5; Maximum Number: 41; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.49 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.55 g; Cotyledon Length: 22.9 mm; Cotyledon Width: 13.4 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 10.0 mm; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour Purple: 64 %; Colour Light Purple: 34 %; Colour Mottled: 2 %; Shape: elongate/round; Length: 25.3 mm; Width: 14.2 mm; Thickness: 11.2 mm; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.51 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.58 g; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Lopez-Baez, O., 1995: Number: 28.9; Length: 24.2 mm; Width: 14.2 mm; Thickness: 10.9 mm; Dry Weight: 1.40 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.30 g; Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O. 1995
Caracteristicas del fruto del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 21(2): pp. 127-137.
Notes

Mexico - Rosario Izapa, Chiapas Datafile: MEX___DS MEX - Description of RIM [MEX] clones Environment: No details. Descriptors: Fruit characteristics are recorded. See also associated paper on flower and seed characteristics - Lopez-Baez & Mendez-Wong 1992 [LOP92A].

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour Dark Purple: 64 %; Colour Light Purple: 34 %; Colour Mottled: 2 %; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.51 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.58 g; Cotyledon Length: 25.3 mm; Cotyledon Width: 14.2 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 11.2 mm; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 5.20 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Lopez-Baez, O., 1995: Testa: 7.14 %; Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O. 1995
Caracteristicas del fruto del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 21(2): pp. 127-137.
Notes

Mexico - Rosario Izapa, Chiapas Datafile: MEX___DS MEX - Description of RIM [MEX] clones Environment: No details. Descriptors: Fruit characteristics are recorded. See also associated paper on flower and seed characteristics - Lopez-Baez & Mendez-Wong 1992 [LOP92A].

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit

FRUIT

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Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: oblong; Basal Constriction: strong; Apex Form: attenuate; Rugosity: intense; Length: 192.0 mm; Breadth: 73.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: moderate; Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: slight; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 9.9 mm (12.6 - 7.2); Length: 221.0 mm; Breadth: 84.0 mm; Colour: absent anthocyanin; Weight: 598.0 g; Pods Per Tree: 7; Hardness: hard; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.63; Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.67; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Shape: cundeamor; Husk Thickness: 14.5 mm; Length: 234.0 mm; Breadth: 93.0 mm; Colour: yellow; Hardness: very soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.54; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Lopez-Baez, O., 1995: Shape: cundeamor; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 13.5 mm (11 - 16); Length: 245.0 mm; Breadth: 89.0 mm; Colour: yellow; Weight: 595.0 g; Husk Weight: 468.80 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.75; Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O. 1995
Caracteristicas del fruto del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 21(2): pp. 127-137.
Notes

Mexico - Rosario Izapa, Chiapas Datafile: MEX___DS MEX - Description of RIM [MEX] clones Environment: No details. Descriptors: Fruit characteristics are recorded. See also associated paper on flower and seed characteristics - Lopez-Baez & Mendez-Wong 1992 [LOP92A].

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Shape: cundeamor; Rugosity: intense; Husk Thickness: 14.5 mm; Length: 234.0 mm; Breadth: 93.0 mm; Colour: yellow; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.51; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: cundeamor; Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

FLUSH

Show Details Hide Details

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: brown; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

LEAF

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Length to Width Ratio: 2.91; Basal Angle: 138.0 °; Apical Angle: 75.0 °; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Length to Width Ratio: 2.91; Basal Angle: 138.0 °; Apical Angle: 75.0 °; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

FLOWER

Show Details Hide Details

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 7.46 mm; Ligule Width: 2.52 mm; Ovule Number: 36; Style Length: 2.16 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical); Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Colour: greyish green; Sepal Width: 2.39 mm; Sepal Length: 8.97 mm; Ligule Length: 7.77 mm; Ligule Width: 2.65 mm; Ovary Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical); Ovary Width: 0.94 mm; Ovary Length: 1.14 mm; Style Length: 2.44 mm; Staminode Length: 7.65 mm; Pedicel Colour: pale red; Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Bud Colour: slight anthocyanin; Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 4.40 mm; Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Width: 2.90 mm; Sepal Length: 9.80 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.46; Ligule Length: 4.90 mm; Ligule Width: 3.40 mm; Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.44; Ribbon Length: 4.20 mm; Ribbon Colour: anthocyanin absent; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal); Ovary Width: 1.50 mm; Ovary Length: 2.20 mm; Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.50; Ovule Number: 44; Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), slight anthocyanin (basal); Style Length: 2.00 mm; Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin; Staminode Length: 9.60 mm; Pedicel Length: 21.70 mm; Pedicel Colour: slight anthocyani, intense anthocyanin (ab), anthocyanin absent (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent; Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: present; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Lopez-Baez, O. & Mendel-Wong, D., 1992: Sepal Width: 2.60 mm; Sepal Length: 8.50 mm; Ligule Length: 4.00 mm; Ligule Width: 3.00 mm; Ovary Width: 1.00 mm; Ovary Length: 1.90 mm; Ovule Number: 43; Style Length: 2.40 mm; Staminode Length: 7.10 mm; Pedicel Length: 2.30 mm; Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O. & Mendel-Wong, D. 1992
Caracteristicas de la flor y semilla del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 18(1-2): pp. 39-48.
Notes

Morphological characters. Datafile: MEX___DS MEX - Description of RIM [MEX] clones Environment: No details. Descriptors: Flower and seed characteristics are recorded. See also associated paper on fruit characteristics - Lopez-Baez (1995) [LOP95B].

Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Bud Colour: green; Ligule Colour: white; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 4.40 mm; Sepal Colour: green; Sepal Width: 2.90 mm; Sepal Length: 9.80 mm; Ligule Length: 4.90 mm; Ligule Width: 3.40 mm; Ribbon Length: 4.20 mm; Ribbon Colour: white; Ovary Width: 1.50 mm; Ovary Length: 2.20 mm; Ovule Number: 44; Style Colour: white (apical), white (basal); Style Length: 2.00 mm; Staminode Colour: yellow; Staminode Length: 9.60 mm; Pedicel Length: 21.70 mm; Pedicel Colour: green, yellow (ab), white (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

REFERENCES

Hunter, J.R. (1961) The status of cacao variety improvement work in the Western Hemisphere. Cacao (Costa Rica) 4: pp. 1-16.

Jaime A Osorio-Guarín, Jhon A Berdugo-Cely, Roberto A Coronado-Silva, Eliana Baez, Yeirme Jaimes, Roxana Yockteng (2020) Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Associated with Productivity and Disease Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1713–1725

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1990) List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes (1994) Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.

Lopez-Baez, O., Mulato-Brito, J. & Lopez-Arroyo, J. (1992) Recursos geneticos del cacao, Theobroma cacao L. disponibles en Mexico. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 18(1-2): pp. 25-38.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1972) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.

Morera, J. & Mora, A. (1990) Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. (1967) Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica

Phillips, W. (1996) Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.

Lawrence, J.S. (1978) Screening of cacao cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica. Revista Theobroma 8: pp. 125-131.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Lopez-Baez, O. (1995) Caracteristicas del fruto del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 21(2): pp. 127-137.

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

Lopez-Baez, O. & Mendel-Wong, D. (1992) Caracteristicas de la flor y semilla del germoplasma de cacao, Theobroma cacao L., seleccionado en Rosario Izapa, Chiapas. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 18(1-2): pp. 39-48.