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ICS 86 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979)
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Derivation: Imperial College Selections.
Location: ICTA, Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes: Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979 [LOC79A] Selections from farms in Trinidad (1-100) and from Criollo progenies (101-107).

Cope, 1949a [COP49A]. One hundred selections were made as a result of a survey started in 1930 by Pound.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Numbers 1 to 100 were selected from all over Trinidad, numbers 101 to 107 were Criollo trees selected from a farm but all have been lost and numbers greater than 111 are selections made in an experimental programme.

Bartley, 1996a [BAR96A]. The ICS material includes several clones which resulted from recent (at that time) introductions. These include Criollos from Nicaragua (ICS 60 and its relatives) or Venezuela. Other ICS clones represent "Amazonian" types originally introduced from the Orinoco. It is likely that several introductions were involved in creating the diversity that existed in Trinidad when Pound started the selection work.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] From ICS 113 onwards these clones were used as parents in the AX / MX series. The same cross be known by an equivalent C [TTO] name.

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Synonyms: I S C 86

HELD IN

Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: ICS 86

DISEASE

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Phytophthora: Resistant; Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

Reference

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Trinidad - ICG,T, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1993
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to infection from Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Trinidad, ICG,T. No further details. Germplasm: 54 clones of which 40 are ICS clones. The remainder include SCA, CATONGO and TSH.

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1980
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to P. palmivora infection after inoculation. Environment: Inoculation of P. palmivora (MF1) on attached pods. Germplasm: Fifty-six cocoa cultivars, the majority of which were ICS clones, with the inclusion of SCA 6, SCA 12, TSH 1188, TSH 1260, CATONGO, RB 1 [BRA], REDAMEL 1/22 and IMC 67.

Disease

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 32.3 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 36.0; Total Wet Weight: 49.7 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.86 g; Cotyledon Length: 20.2 mm; Cotyledon Width: 13.0 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 6.30 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: oblong; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: attenuate; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 148.0 mm; Breadth: 76.0 mm; Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

CADMIUM

Lewis, Caleb et al., 2018: Tissue: leaf; Mean Cadmium Content: 1.04 %; Accumulation: low; Reference

Reference

Lewis, Caleb, Adrian M. Lennon, Gaius Eudoxie & Pathmanathan Umaharan 2018
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Science of the Total Environment 640–641, 696–703
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.365

Cadmium

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Trinidad - ICGT, 1992: Distance from Base to Widest Part: 124 mm; Length: 260.0 mm; Width: 94.0 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 2.60; Basal Angle: 121.0 °; Apical Angle: 77.5 °; Petiole Length: 14 mm; Pulvinus Length: 17 mm; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992
Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

Leaf

FLOWER

Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 8.98 mm; Ligule Width: 2.71 mm; Ovule Number: 35; Style Length: 1.57 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979) The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Sreenivasan, T.N. (1993) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.

Sreenivasan, T.N. (1980) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Lewis, Caleb, Adrian M. Lennon, Gaius Eudoxie & Pathmanathan Umaharan (2018) Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Science of the Total Environment 640–641, 696–703

Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.