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ACU 85 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Posnette, A.F. (1943)
Cacao selection on the Gold Coast. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 20: pp. 149-155.

Derivation: Aburi CUndeamor.
Collected by Posnette.
Location: Aburi Botanic Garden, Ghana.

Notes: Selections made by Posnette, 1943 [POS43A] in the 'Cundeamor' plot planted with the 1906 introduction to the Aburi Botanic Garden. This material probabky came from Caracas (Glendinning) [LOC79A].

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. These clones came from a shipment of Pentagona variety seeds from the West Indies that passed through Kew in 1900, which contained different shaped fruits. Tudhope (Dept. Agric. Ann. Rep. for 1911) says "..the variety named by me 'Cundeamor' because of its somewhat close resemblance in the colour and shape of the pods to the variety of that name in Ceylon is giving very promising results at Aburi".

The imported fruit would have probably been the result of hybridisation of a 'pentagona' with an unknown parent. The pentagona may have been one of the Nicaraguan criollo trees introduced to Trinidad a few years earlier or may have been supplied from the Dominica Botanic Garden.

The progenies from the seed of this tree were planted in a plot at Aburi between 1907 and 1910 and it would have been from this plot that Posnette made his selections.

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HELD IN

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Cameroon, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD): List received in 1985 Reference

Reference

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun 1985
Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.; • Local Name: ACU 85
Cote d'Ivoire, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA): List received in 1989 Reference

Reference

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC 1989
Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Notes

List of clones grouped as West African Amelonados, Lower Amazons, Venezuelan collections, French Guiana collections, Ecuadorian collections, local Trinitarios, other Trinitarios, upper Amazons and Criollos. Notes on origin, date and place of origin and nature of the material (cuttings, budwood, seed).; • Local Name: ACU 85; - Year of Accession: 1962
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: ACU85

DISEASE

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Phytophthora: 12.78 % Infection (Pod).; Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = BC; Sounigo, O. et al., 1995

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995
Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

Disease Pests Yield; Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992

Reference

Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. 1992
Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC/CNRA Bingerville Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora PROGENY_ Descriptors Tolerance to Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Tolerance evaluated from the percentage of rotten pods after natural infection Germplasm: 70 clones of different origins

Disease; Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).; Kebe, 1999

Reference

Kebe 1999
Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - Divo Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance based on leaf disk inoculation Environment and Germplasm: 53 Clones held at Divo, Cote d'Ivoire

Disease; Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease

PESTS

Mirids: High Damage; N'Goran, J.A.K. et al., 1993

Reference

N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. 1993
Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - IDEFOR/CIRAD Datafile: MIR___DS CIV - IDEFOR/CIRAD Mirid index Germplasm: c.40 clones Environment: Old clonal trials, from 33 to 45 trees per clone. Method: Cumulative damage due to mirids estimated in old clonal trial. A score from 0 (no attack) to 4 (severe attack) was given to individual trees and the results analysed for three trials.

Pests; Resistant; K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003

Reference

K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud 2003
Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Study on the Resistance of Cocoa Trees to Mirids in Cote d’Ivoire: Classification of Major Cocoa Tree Groups by their Level of Resistance / Sensitivity'.

Pests

YIELD

Sounigo, O. et al., 1995: Yield: 2388 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Reference

Reference

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. 1995
Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - CIRAD/IDEFOR Datafile: CIV___DS CIV - CIRAD/IDEFOR Clone trial Germplasm: 67 clones were compared in five clonal trials. IFC 5 was used as a control in each of the trials. Environment: No details. Methods: Trial Loc'n Type Year Reps. Rep. Unit I17 Abengourou Fisher 1970 4 12 trees D11/2 Divo Fisher 1971 4 12 trees D13/4 Divo Fisher 1972 4 12 trees G8 Divo Fisher 1973 4 12 trees A18/2 Divo Random 1983 6 21 trees (Loc'n = location, Year = planting year, Reps = repetitions) Productivity assessed by counting the total number of pods and calculating the amount of saleable cocoa assuming each pod contains 40 g saleable cocoa. Analysis carried out on the following number of harvests: D11/2 - 1979/80 to 1981/92 3 harvests D13/4 - 1977/78 to 1981/82 5 harvests G8 - 1978/79 to 1981/82 4 harvests A18/2 - 1987/88 to 1991/92 5 harvests Sensitivity to pod rot was calculated as the ratio of rotten pods to healthy pods. Sensitivity to mirids was calculated on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the amount of die back caused by mirid damage since the year of planting.

Disease Pests Yield

REFERENCES

Posnette, A.F. (1943) Cacao selection on the Gold Coast. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 20: pp. 149-155.

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. (1995) Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.

Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

Kebe (1999) Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.

N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. (1993) Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.

K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.