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CL 27 /50 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: CLementina farm.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Dept. of Agriculture, Ecuador.

Notes: Progeny from Hda Clementina, Ecuador planted at Marper Farm, Trinidad in 1939-41.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Selections made from material of Trinidadian origin, originally to replace a planting of "Nacional" type that had failed due to Witches' broom disease. Seven of the eight parent trees (selected by Mr. Schuldt) were of a half blanco, long oval, warty, green pod type and the eighth was a long oval smooth white base type, more than partially pigmented.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. Seeds were collected from the following trees: 9,10,13,15,19,22,27,78,91 and Mixed.

Bartley, 1996c [BAR96C]. The "Mixed" tree progeny mentioned above are probably those labelled CLM today.

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The CL series appear to consist of nine groups of progenies CL 9/.., CL 10/.., CL 13/.., CL 15/.., CL 19/.., CL 22/.., CL 27/.., CL 78/.. and CL 91/.. refered to by Pound (1943b) [POU43B]. There are no other CL 1/ names listed and this therefore suggests a labelling error. Some may be in error for SL.

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GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA486011 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Project: PRJEB28591 EVA (project) EVA (analysis)

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR7774351 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX4629473

BioSample: SAMN09934419

SampleName: CL_27_50

SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: Tc17482

HELD IN

Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: CL 27/50

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 18.7 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: ovate; Number: 38.0; Total Wet Weight: 71.4 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.41 g; Cotyledon Length: 24.4 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.8 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 4.70 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Trinidad - CRU, 1998: Butterfat Content: 44.42 %; Testa: 13.33 %; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - CRU 1998
Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: TTOFATDS TTO - Fat Analysis Germplasm: Data is provided on 410 accessions. Environment: No details given. Descriptors: Data for the fat content of the shell, including standard error and the butterfat content is presented. Methods: Ripe, open pollinated pods were harvested, 2 pods from each of 5 trees (10 pods per accession) were selected. The beans were then mixed thoroughly and a sub-sample taken. The sub-sample was then cleaned to remove the mucliage, oven dried and stored at room temperature until analysis. For each accession 2 bean samples (each consisting of 20 beans) were taken from the bulked sample. The beans were shelled and eaach sample was groung using a coffee grinder (2x30 seconds). The ground samples were then dried for 16 hours at 110 degrees C, cooled and stored in a dessicator at 25 degrees C until analysis. From the cried ground samples, a 2 gram sub-sample was weighed into a beaker, 100 ml of 4.0M HCl was added and the sample boiled for 30 minutes. The boiled sample was filtered and the residue washed with distilled water until clear of pigment. After washing, the filtered sample was placed in an extraction thimble and dried for 16 hours at 60 degrees C. The butterfat from the bean samples was extracted using the Soxtec System (Tecetor). Each dried sample was extracted for one hour using petroleum ether (40-60) as the solvent. The butterfat extracted from the sample was then dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 100 degrees C, cooled in a dessicator and the percentage butterfat determined on a dry matter basis.

Butterfat

FRUIT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: strong; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 189.0 mm; Breadth: 84.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: moderate; Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

CADMIUM

Lewis, Caleb et al., 2018: Tissue: leaf; Mean Cadmium Content: 0.96 %; Accumulation: low; Reference

Reference

Lewis, Caleb, Adrian M. Lennon, Gaius Eudoxie & Pathmanathan Umaharan 2018
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Science of the Total Environment 640–641, 696–703
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.365

Cadmium
Lewis, Caleb et al., 2018: Tissue: bean; Mean Cadmium Content: 0.38 %; Accumulation: low; Reference

Reference

Lewis, Caleb, Adrian M. Lennon, Gaius Eudoxie & Pathmanathan Umaharan 2018
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Science of the Total Environment 640–641, 696–703
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.365

Cadmium

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FLOWER

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 10.53 mm; Ligule Width: 2.82 mm; Ovule Number: 43; Style Length: 2.77 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.

Lewis, Caleb, Adrian M. Lennon, Gaius Eudoxie & Pathmanathan Umaharan (2018) Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Science of the Total Environment 640–641, 696–703