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PA 73 [PER]    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes:  Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.
 

Synonyms: PARINARI 73 [PER]

'Maranon' Population
Subgroup: 'Parinari I'   Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: PA 73 [PER]
 Nigeria, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: PA 73 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1968
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: PA 73 [PER]

38.89 % Infection
Note: 18 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992

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Seed Index: 85.4 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 24.3 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 93.4 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 27.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 99.0 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 29.0 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Pod Index: 24.2 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

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Number: 35.1
Dry Weight: 1.17 g
 Reference
Number: 33.6
Total Dry Weight: 34.5 g
Dry Weight: 1.01 g
Note: 28 plants sampled
 Reference
Number: 33.7
Total Dry Weight: 36.1 g
Dry Weight: 1.07 g
 Reference
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 46.0
Total Wet Weight: 63.2 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.90 g
Cotyledon Length: 22.4 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.3 mm
 Reference

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Butterfat Content: 58.90 %
Note: 7 plants sampled
 Reference
Testa: 5.50 %
 Reference
Butterfat Content: 52.30 %
Testa: 5.70 %
 Reference

Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 182.0 mm
Breadth: 81.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: moderate
Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

Colour: intense anthocyanin
 Reference

Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.59 mm
Ligule Width: 2.87 mm
Ovule Number: 39
Style Length: 2.26 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Nigeria - CRIN (1994) CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.