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PA 168 [PER]    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes:  Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.
 

Synonyms: PARINARI 168 [PER]

 Mother to:
AX 171    Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

'Maranon' Population
Subgroup: 'Parinari I'   Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: PA 168 [PER]
 Nigeria, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: PA 168 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1968
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: PA 168 [PER]

79.44 % Infection
Note: 18 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992

Seed Index: 106.3 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 28.1 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Pod Index: 36.2 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

Number: 37.9
Dry Weight: 0.94 g
 Reference
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 40.0
Total Wet Weight: 40.7 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.69 g
Cotyledon Length: 18.9 mm
Cotyledon Width: 10.3 mm
 Reference

Testa: 7.80 %
 Reference

Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: moderate
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: slight
Length: 152.0 mm
Breadth: 75.0 mm
Colour: slight anthocyanin
Hardness: moderate
Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

Colour: intense anthocyanin
 Reference

Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.64 mm
Ligule Width: 2.22 mm
Ovule Number: 48
Style Length: 2.30 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Trinidad - ICTA (No Date) List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Nigeria - CRIN (1994) CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.