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PA 185 [PER]    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes:  Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.
 

Synonyms: P 185 [POS], PARINARI 185 [PER]

'Maranon' Population
Subgroup: 'Parinari IV'   Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 1268
   - Local Name: PA 185
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: PA-185
• Local Name: PA-185/T13
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: PA 185 [PER]
List received in 2016   Reference
• Accession: PI 668432     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: PA 185 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1939
• Accession: TARS 16759 B     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: PA 185 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1939

Pod Index: 40.4 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

Colour: purple
Shape: ovate
Number: 33.0
Total Wet Weight: 39.2 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.75 g
Cotyledon Length: 21.7 mm
Cotyledon Width: 10.7 mm
 Reference

Testa: 6.90 %
 Reference

Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 140.0 mm
Breadth: 70.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference

Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 6.40 mm
Ligule Width: 2.00 mm
Ovule Number: 34
Style Length: 1.92 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.