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SAN MIGUEL 3161 [CHA] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Chalmers, W.S. (1970)
Report on the collection of Theobroma cacao in the Oriente region of Ecuador. March-May 1970. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 20.

Derivation: river SAN MIGUEL.
Collected by Chalmers.
Location: R. San Miguel, Ecuador.

Notes: Chalmers, 1968 [CHA68A] Trees were marked and initial collections made in 1968. Chalmers revisited the area in 1970 (Chalmers, 1970a [CHA70A]), recollecting from some trees and making new collections from newly marked trees. Further collections were made in 1972 (Chalmers, 1972b [CHA72B]).

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Synonyms: EQX 3161 [CHA], EQX 3161 [A], EQX 3161 [B], G VI 208, EQ 3161, EQX 3161 [J], EQX 3161 [MIG], EQX 3161 [T], EQX 3161 [U], EQX 3161 [V], EQX 3161 [W], EQX 3161 [Z], EQX A 3161, EQX B 3161, EQX C 3161, EQX J 3161, EQX T 3161, EQX U 3161, EQX V 3161, EQX W 3161, SAN MIGUEL 3161 [MIG], SM 3161 [CHA], SM 3161 [EET]

COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: R. San Miguel, Oriente, Ecuador (primary forest)

Date: 30 November 1968

Coordinates: 76.02 W, 0.05 N

Material collected: Budwood

Notes: Palma Roja-Pueblo Nuevo.

Expedition Code: 68CH

Chalmers, W.S., 1968

HELD IN

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Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: EQX-3161; - Year of Accession: 1995
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 21835; - Local Name: EQX-3161; - Year of Accession: 2002
India, Kerala Agricultural University: List received in 1997 Reference

Reference

India - Kerala 1997
List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.; • Accession: 208; - Local Name: EQX 3161 [CHA]; - Year of Accession: 1993
Malaysia, Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB): List received in 1998 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1998
Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.; • Local Name: EQX 3161 [CHA]; - Year of Accession: 1993
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: SAN MIGUEL 3161 [CHA]; - Year of Accession: 1968
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2016 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2016
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Original link: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/view2.aspx?dv=web_site_taxon_accessionlist¶ms=:taxonomyid=101885;:siteid=7 (not working)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: PI 668482 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: SAN MIGUEL 3161 [CHA]; - Year of Accession: 2008
United States of America, USDA-SHRS: List received in 2010 Reference

Reference

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. 2010
List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Website visited 8th July 2010.

Link Unavailable [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_site_acc.pl?MAY%20Theobroma%20cacao]; • Accession: MIA 35776 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: San Miguel 3161; - Year of Accession: 2002

DISEASE

Witches Broom: Absent (Expedition data).; Chalmers, W.S., 1970

Reference

Chalmers, W.S. 1970
Data accumulated from Chalmers' Collection reports from expeditions to Ecuador between 1968-1973. Series of 7 unpublished Reports. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies. See other reference entries for details.
Notes

Oriente region of Ecuador, Peru and Brazil Datafile: CH70__DC ECU - Chalmers expedition, Field Data Germplasm: Details of accessions collected from the Oriente region of Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. Environment: Accessions were described as they were collected.

Disease Bean Fruit

BEAN

Chalmers, W.S., 1970: Length: 24.1 mm; Width: 10.8 mm; Thickness: 9.0 mm; Wet Weight: 4.54 g; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.31 g; Note: expedition data; Reference

Reference

Chalmers, W.S. 1970
Data accumulated from Chalmers' Collection reports from expeditions to Ecuador between 1968-1973. Series of 7 unpublished Reports. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies. See other reference entries for details.
Notes

Oriente region of Ecuador, Peru and Brazil Datafile: CH70__DC ECU - Chalmers expedition, Field Data Germplasm: Details of accessions collected from the Oriente region of Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. Environment: Accessions were described as they were collected.

Disease Bean Fruit

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Trinidad - ICGT, 1992: Distance from Base to Widest Part: 140 mm; Length: 256.0 mm; Width: 112.0 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 2.30; Basal Angle: 125.4 °; Apical Angle: 77.4 °; Petiole Length: 21 mm; Pulvinus Length: 21 mm; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992
Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

Leaf

REFERENCES

Chalmers, W.S. (1970) Report on the collection of Theobroma cacao in the Oriente region of Ecuador. March-May 1970. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 20.

Chalmers, W.S. (1968) Cacao collecting trip to the Oriente of Ecuador - November, 1968. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 4

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. (2010) List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Chalmers, W.S. (1970) Data accumulated from Chalmers' Collection reports from expeditions to Ecuador between 1968-1973. Series of 7 unpublished Reports. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies. See other reference entries for details.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.