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SPA 17 [COL] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1989)
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.

Derivation: Seleccion PAlmira.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Palmira, Colombia.

As these are all progeny from a single fruit they should all have basically then same characteristics. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. Leaf - some unpigmented, large, broad and have an undulating (puckered/crinkled) surface. Fruit - basically similar in shape being broad elongate with slight roughness. Seed - some white. Bartley, 1997a [BAR97A]. Variation seen in flush leaf pigmentation from light green (white); the pigmentation of the stamen, which is often intense; and the colour of the fruit, which is either light green or dark green with a tendancy to be shiny.

Notes: Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979, [LOC79A] Collections made in Colombia by Pound, somewhere in the Amazon valley. Very similar to some Ecuador Oriente types.

Progeny of a fruit donated to Colombia by Pound (1943?).

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The association between unpigmented flush leaves and white cotyledons found in some of these clones is typical of the genotypes from the Napo river. Pound did visit Santa Clotilde, the Peruvian research station on this river and the material may therefore have originated in this region.

In previous versions of the ICGD the SPA [COL] clones were included as synonyms of the group SC [COL] (SC 57 - 76 inclusive). The synonymy has now been reversed as this material was originally described as SPA and is more widely known under this name, as advised by Dr. Bartley.

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Synonyms: SC 72 [COL]

COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Coordinates: 76.50 W, 3.50 N

Marita, J. M. et al., 2001

HELD IN

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Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 226; - Local Name: SPA 17; - Year of Accession: 1981
Brazil, Comissao Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC): List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. 1987
Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Notes

History of the collections, naming of the accessions, origins of the material, collection and planting dates, propagation methods and number of plants established.; • Accession: 457; - Local Name: SPA 17 [COL]; - Year of Accession: 1979
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: SPA-17
Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1989 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1989
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Formerly entered as ROJ89A; • Local Name: SC 72 [COL]
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 10512; - Local Name: SPA-17

DISEASE

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Frosty Pod Rot: Moderately Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 3.0 and Internal Severety = 3.4; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease
Phytophthora: Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and P. megakarya Environment: Artificial inoculation using the paper disk method. Resisance based on diameter of the lesion ten days after inoculation with 0.0015 zoopsores/ml. Resistant = 0-3 cm; moderately resistant = 3.1 - 6 cm; moderately susceptible = 6.1 - 9 cm; susceptible = > 9.1 cm lesion diameter. Germplasm: 188 Clones selected from the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Morera, J., 1993

Reference

Morera, J. 1993
Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

Disease
Witches Broom: Intermediate (Seedling).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease; Intermediate (Field Reaction).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease

YIELD

Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Seed Index: 120.4 (dried beans per 100g); Productivity: medium; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour Dark Purple: Present; Colour Light Purple: Absent; Colour Grey: Absent; Colour White: Absent; Colour Mottled: Absent; Number: 34.7; Maximum Number: 46; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.22 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.83 g; Cotyledon Length: 21.5 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.0 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 7.7 mm; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Colour Purple: 99 %; Colour White: 1 %; Size: medium; Number: 30.4; Length: 19.5 mm; Width: 10.7 mm; Thickness: 7.2 mm; Total Wet Weight: 71.4 g; Wet Weight: 1.31 g; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.10 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.91 g; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

BUTTERFAT

Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Testa: 7.53 %; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

FRUIT

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Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: moderate; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: very slight; Husk Thickness: 9.65 mm (11.6 - 7.7); Length: 164.0 mm; Breadth: 86.0 mm; Colour: absent anthocyanin; Weight: 536.0 g; Pods Per Tree: 5; Hardness: hard; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.90; Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.75; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Shape: oblong; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: rounded; Rugosity: smooth; Husk Thickness: 0.66 mm; Length: 159.2 mm; Breadth: 81.6 mm; Colour: yellow; Weight: 513.0 g; Hardness: hard; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.85; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: amelonado; Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

FLUSH

Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: brownish orange; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Shape: obovate; Length: 263.1 mm; Width: 99.7 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 2.63; Apex Form: acuminate; Pulvinus Present: Yes; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

FLOWER

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Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical); Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin; Sepal Colour: greyish green; Sepal Width: 2.40 mm; Sepal Length: 7.80 mm; Ligule Length: 7.00 mm; Ligule Width: 2.80 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Ovary Width: 1.10 mm; Ovary Length: 1.40 mm; Style Length: 2.30 mm; Staminode Length: 6.60 mm; Pedicel Colour: yellowish white; Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Petal Length: 9.50 mm; Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Width: 2.00 mm; Sepal Length: 7.20 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.60; Ligule Length: 2.93 mm; Ligule Width: 2.86 mm; Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.04; Ribbon Length: 3.40 mm; Ovary Width: 1.00 mm; Ovary Length: 1.25 mm; Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.25; Ovule Number: 51; Style Length: 2.00 mm; Staminode Colour: dark purple; Staminode Length: 5.35 mm; Pedicel Length: 13.90 mm; Pedicel Colour: greenish white; Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: absent; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Note: Translation of Pantone colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

REFERENCES

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1989) ? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.

Marita, J. M., Nienhuis, J., Pires, J. L. & Aitken, W. M. (2001) Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Theobroma cacao with Emphasis on Witches’ Broom Disease Resistance. Crop Sci. 41:1305–1316.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. (1997) Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.

Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1986) ? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.

Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.