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SPA 20 [COL] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1989)
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.

Derivation: Seleccion PAlmira.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Palmira, Colombia.

As these are all progeny from a single fruit they should all have basically then same characteristics. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. Leaf - some unpigmented, large, broad and have an undulating (puckered/crinkled) surface. Fruit - basically similar in shape being broad elongate with slight roughness. Seed - some white. Bartley, 1997a [BAR97A]. Variation seen in flush leaf pigmentation from light green (white); the pigmentation of the stamen, which is often intense; and the colour of the fruit, which is either light green or dark green with a tendancy to be shiny.

Notes: Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979, [LOC79A] Collections made in Colombia by Pound, somewhere in the Amazon valley. Very similar to some Ecuador Oriente types.

Progeny of a fruit donated to Colombia by Pound (1943?).

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The association between unpigmented flush leaves and white cotyledons found in some of these clones is typical of the genotypes from the Napo river. Pound did visit Santa Clotilde, the Peruvian research station on this river and the material may therefore have originated in this region.

In previous versions of the ICGD the SPA [COL] clones were included as synonyms of the group SC [COL] (SC 57 - 76 inclusive). The synonymy has now been reversed as this material was originally described as SPA and is more widely known under this name, as advised by Dr. Bartley.

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Synonyms: SC 75 [COL]

HELD IN

Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1989 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1989
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Formerly entered as ROJ89A; • Local Name: SC 75 [COL]
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: SPA 20 [COL]; - Year of Accession: 1994

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 22.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: ovate; Number: 46.0; Total Wet Weight: 65.1 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.95 g; Cotyledon Length: 22.0 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.7 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Colour Purple: 98 %; Colour Light Purple: 2 %; Size: medium; Number: 41.2; Length: 20.5 mm; Width: 10.7 mm; Thickness: 6.9 mm; Total Wet Weight: 82.1 g; Wet Weight: 1.23 g; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 0.93 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.70 g; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

BUTTERFAT

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Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 5.90 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Trinidad - CRU, 1998: Butterfat Content: 53.51 %; Testa: 8.15 %; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - CRU 1998
Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: TTOFATDS TTO - Fat Analysis Germplasm: Data is provided on 410 accessions. Environment: No details given. Descriptors: Data for the fat content of the shell, including standard error and the butterfat content is presented. Methods: Ripe, open pollinated pods were harvested, 2 pods from each of 5 trees (10 pods per accession) were selected. The beans were then mixed thoroughly and a sub-sample taken. The sub-sample was then cleaned to remove the mucliage, oven dried and stored at room temperature until analysis. For each accession 2 bean samples (each consisting of 20 beans) were taken from the bulked sample. The beans were shelled and eaach sample was groung using a coffee grinder (2x30 seconds). The ground samples were then dried for 16 hours at 110 degrees C, cooled and stored in a dessicator at 25 degrees C until analysis. From the cried ground samples, a 2 gram sub-sample was weighed into a beaker, 100 ml of 4.0M HCl was added and the sample boiled for 30 minutes. The boiled sample was filtered and the residue washed with distilled water until clear of pigment. After washing, the filtered sample was placed in an extraction thimble and dried for 16 hours at 60 degrees C. The butterfat from the bean samples was extracted using the Soxtec System (Tecetor). Each dried sample was extracted for one hour using petroleum ether (40-60) as the solvent. The butterfat extracted from the sample was then dried in an oven for 30 minutes at 100 degrees C, cooled in a dessicator and the percentage butterfat determined on a dry matter basis.

Butterfat
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Testa: 8.22 %; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

FRUIT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: slight; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 162.0 mm; Breadth: 86.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: moderate; Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Shape: orbicular; Basal Constriction: moderate - slight; Apex Form: rounded; Rugosity: slight; Husk Thickness: 0.50 mm; Length: 155.2 mm; Breadth: 77.7 mm; Colour: yellow; Weight: 378.0 g; Hardness: moderate; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.99; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Shape: obovate; Length: 273.4 mm; Width: 100.8 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 2.71; Apex Form: slightly acuminate; Pulvinus Present: Yes; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

FLOWER

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 7.37 mm; Ligule Width: 2.77 mm; Ovule Number: 52; Style Length: 2.31 mm; Pedicel Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Petal Length: 10.20 mm; Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Width: 2.00 mm; Sepal Length: 7.40 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.70; Ligule Length: 2.89 mm; Ligule Width: 2.73 mm; Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.05; Ribbon Length: 4.00 mm; Ovary Width: 1.00 mm; Ovary Length: 1.25 mm; Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.25; Ovule Number: 50; Style Length: 2.00 mm; Staminode Colour: dark purple; Staminode Length: 5.00 mm; Pedicel Length: 12.30 mm; Pedicel Colour: greenish white; Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Note: Translation of Pantone colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1986
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Notes

Colombia - ICA Palmira Datafile: ICA___DS COL - ICA Palmira Germplasm: 85 accessions of Colombian origin, prinicipally SC and SPA clones Environment: CNI-Palmira is situated at 33°N 76°16'W. Mean temperature is 24°C and mean rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Descriptors: Descriptors based on those recommended by IBPGR (1981) [IBP81A], Enriquez and Soria (1967) [ENR67A] and Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) [ENG81A].

Bean Butterfat Fruit Leaf Flower

REFERENCES

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1989) ? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1986) ? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.

Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.