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TSH 1188 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Shripat, C. (1996)
The Cocoa Breeding Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad. Presented at the International Workshop on The Utilisation of Genetic Resources of the ICGT, June, 1996. Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad.

Derivation: Trinidad Selected Hybrids.
Collected by Cocoa Board.
Location: Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes: Selections from mixed populations of Amazons and Trinitarios.

Shripat, 1996a [SHR96A]. Each Trinidad clone was labelled with a code composed of certain letters as a prefix (TS, TSA, TSH, TSAN, TSHN) followed by a number which runs consecutively from 500 upwards regardless of the letters. Thus, there are no two new clones with the same number.

(see also Bartley, 1997c [BAR97C] ).

SNP/SSR Populations

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RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei et al., 2011: Recommended clone in:
Brazil (Bahia); Year: 1995-2014; Reference

Reference

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada & Karina Peres Gramacho 2011
Cacao Breeding in Bahia, Brazil - Strategies and Results. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 73–81
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-70332011000500011

Recommended material
Yamada, Milton Macoto et al., 2010: Recommended clone in:
Brazil (Bahia); Year: 1990; Reference

Reference

Yamada, Milton Macoto, Fábio Gelape Faleiro, Brena Faria Santos & Mônica Menezes Passinho 2010
RELAÇÃO ENTRE INCOMPATIBILIDADE E VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA COM BASE EM MARCADORES RAPD EM CLONES DE CACAUEIRO [Relationship between Incompatibility and Genetic Variability Based on RAPD Markers in Cacao Clones]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 22 (1): 11–16
Recommended material
Maharaj, Kamaldeo, 2012: Recommended clone in:
Trinidad and Tobago; Reference

Reference

Maharaj, Kamaldeo 2012
Cacao Breeding and Planting Material Situation in Trinidad and Tobago and Some of the Other Caribbean Islands. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012
Recommended material

GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA486011 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Project: PRJEB28591 EVA (project) EVA (analysis)

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR7774249 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX4629575

BioSample: SAMN09934571

SampleSource: Brazil, MARS

HELD IN

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Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 285; - Local Name: TSH 1188; - Year of Accession: 1978
Brazil, Comissao Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC): List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. 1987
Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Notes

History of the collections, naming of the accessions, origins of the material, collection and planting dates, propagation methods and number of plants established.; • Local Name: TSH 1188; - Year of Accession: 1982
Brazil, Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da CEPLAC, Rondônia: List received in 2015 Reference

Reference

Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima 2015
RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124; • Accession: TSH 1188 Quadra 5; - Local Name: TSH 1188
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: TSH-1188; - Year of Accession: 1991; • Local Name: TSH-1188 Auto
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 21995; - Local Name: TSH-1188; - Year of Accession: 2006

DISEASE

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Ceratocystis: Moderate Resistance (Branch).; Note: Based on mycelium growth..; Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003

Reference

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva 2003
Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Essays for the Assesment of Ceratocystis-Wilt in Bahia, Brazil'

Disease; Resistant (Seedling).; Note: Origin of material: Almirante Cacau, Barro Preto; Stela Dalva V. M. Silva et al., 2006

Reference

Stela Dalva V. M. Silva, Augusto Roberto S. Gomes, Edmundo P. Mandarino, Lindolfo P. dos S. Filho & Virgínia O. Damaceno 2006
Indicações de Resistência à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis em Genótipos de Cacaueiros no Sul da Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease; Susceptible (Branch).; Note: Based on the production of perithecia..; Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003

Reference

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva 2003
Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Essays for the Assesment of Ceratocystis-Wilt in Bahia, Brazil'

Disease
Phytophthora: Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1993
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to infection from Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Trinidad, ICG,T. No further details. Germplasm: 54 clones of which 40 are ICS clones. The remainder include SCA, CATONGO and TSH.

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Shripat, C., 1995

Reference

Shripat, C. 1995
Preliminary screening of Trinidad Selected Hybrid (TSH) clones for resistance to Black Pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) in Trinidad. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Allliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 837-840.
Notes

Trinidad - Central Experiment Station, Centeno Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental Conditions: A field investigation of the reaction to Phytophthora palmivora of 181 TSH clones. Unripe, mature attached pods were inoculated using a modified version of the method published by Sreenivasan (1975). Two infected grains of wheat were placed in a 3 cm long section of a drinking straw attached to the pod surface with plasticine. The straw was then filled with sterile distilled water. If disease symptoms were observed on control pods of IMC 67, 3-5 days after inoculation, then the diameter of all lesions found on the test pods was measured. An index rating on a scale 0-4 was used (0=no infection, 1=1-2 cm lesions, 2=2-4cm lesions, 3=4-6 cm lesions and 4=lesion diameter more than 6 cm). When 70% or more of the pods tested for a given clone rated 0 and 1, the clone was classed as resistant. Experiments were conducted during 1980-1982 when conditions were favourable to the pathogen. All experiments were conducted at the Central Experiment Station, Centeno, Trinidad. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1980
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to P. palmivora infection after inoculation. Environment: Inoculation of P. palmivora (MF1) on attached pods. Germplasm: Fifty-six cocoa cultivars, the majority of which were ICS clones, with the inclusion of SCA 6, SCA 12, TSH 1188, TSH 1260, CATONGO, RB 1 [BRA], REDAMEL 1/22 and IMC 67.

Disease; Intermediate, sp. P. citrophthora; Note: Average score = 2.3.; Lopez, U.V. et al., 2006

Reference

Lopez, U.V., Paim, M., Luz, E.D.N., Silva, S.D.V.M., Gramacho, K.P. and Pires, J.L. 2006
Resistance of Cacao Farmer Selections to Phytophthora citrophthora in Brazil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

This study assessed the level of resistance to P. citrophthora of 71 clones, most of them selected by farmers. These clones are in a network of clonal trials in five private farms and in one of CEPEC´s Station (ESARM, Ilhéus, BA). The leaf disk method was used to score resistance.

Disease
Witches Broom: Intermediate; Fonseca, S.E.A & Albuquerque, P.S.B. de, 1996

Reference

Fonseca, S.E.A & Albuquerque, P.S.B. de 1996
Avaliacao de clones de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira em relaçao a incidencia de vassoura-de bruxa. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance.
Notes

Brazil - CEPLAC/CORAM, Belem Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Materials and Methods Each clone was represented by one plot of ten plants of approximately 12 years of age, spaced at 3 x 3m apart. The clonal garden had a high incidence of witches broom disease which had not been controlled for four consecutive years. The number of infected vegetative shoots and flower cushions was recorded. The following categories were used: 0, >0=10, >10=20, >20=50, >50=100, >100. The 30 most promising clones out of the 180 tested are indicated. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease; Resistant (Field Reaction).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease; Susceptible (Seedling).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease

YIELD

Kamaldeo Maharaj et al., 2009: Pod Index: 18.3 (pods per kg dried beans); Note: Maximum Pod Index, 25.33; Reference

Reference

Kamaldeo Maharaj, Patricia Maharaj, Frances L. Bekele, Davinan Ramnath, Gillian G. Bidaisee, Isaac Bekele, Cynthra Persad, Krysta Jennings & Reishma Sankar 2009
Trinidad Selected Hybrids: An Investigation of the Phenotypic and Agro-Economic Traits of 20 Selected Cacao Cultivars. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Yield Bean Fruit Flower

BEAN

Kamaldeo Maharaj et al., 2009: Number: 48.1; Total Wet Weight: 88.9 g; Dry Weight: 1.24 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.18 g; Cotyledon Length: 24.0 mm; Cotyledon Width: 11.7 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 9.5 mm; Reference

Reference

Kamaldeo Maharaj, Patricia Maharaj, Frances L. Bekele, Davinan Ramnath, Gillian G. Bidaisee, Isaac Bekele, Cynthra Persad, Krysta Jennings & Reishma Sankar 2009
Trinidad Selected Hybrids: An Investigation of the Phenotypic and Agro-Economic Traits of 20 Selected Cacao Cultivars. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Yield Bean Fruit Flower

FRUIT

Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: intense; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Kamaldeo Maharaj et al., 2009: Husk Thickness: 17.1 mm; Length: 225.1 mm; Breadth: 97.6 mm; Weight: 839.3 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.30; Reference

Reference

Kamaldeo Maharaj, Patricia Maharaj, Frances L. Bekele, Davinan Ramnath, Gillian G. Bidaisee, Isaac Bekele, Cynthra Persad, Krysta Jennings & Reishma Sankar 2009
Trinidad Selected Hybrids: An Investigation of the Phenotypic and Agro-Economic Traits of 20 Selected Cacao Cultivars. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Yield Bean Fruit Flower

FLOWER

Kamaldeo Maharaj et al., 2009: Sepal Width: 3.09 mm; Sepal Length: 7.58 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 2.45; Ligule Width: 2.74 mm; Ovule Number: 56; Style Length: 2.64 mm; Staminode Length: 7.18 mm; Pedicel Length: 18.32 mm; Reference

Reference

Kamaldeo Maharaj, Patricia Maharaj, Frances L. Bekele, Davinan Ramnath, Gillian G. Bidaisee, Isaac Bekele, Cynthra Persad, Krysta Jennings & Reishma Sankar 2009
Trinidad Selected Hybrids: An Investigation of the Phenotypic and Agro-Economic Traits of 20 Selected Cacao Cultivars. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Yield Bean Fruit Flower

REFERENCES

Shripat, C. (1996) The Cocoa Breeding Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad. Presented at the International Workshop on The Utilisation of Genetic Resources of the ICGT, June, 1996. Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad.

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada & Karina Peres Gramacho (2011) Cacao Breeding in Bahia, Brazil - Strategies and Results. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 73–81

Yamada, Milton Macoto, Fábio Gelape Faleiro, Brena Faria Santos & Mônica Menezes Passinho (2010) RELAÇÃO ENTRE INCOMPATIBILIDADE E VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA COM BASE EM MARCADORES RAPD EM CLONES DE CACAUEIRO [Relationship between Incompatibility and Genetic Variability Based on RAPD Markers in Cacao Clones]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 22 (1): 11–16

Maharaj, Kamaldeo (2012) Cacao Breeding and Planting Material Situation in Trinidad and Tobago and Some of the Other Caribbean Islands. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012

Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.

Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima (2015) RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva (2003) Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Stela Dalva V. M. Silva, Augusto Roberto S. Gomes, Edmundo P. Mandarino, Lindolfo P. dos S. Filho & Virgínia O. Damaceno (2006) Indicações de Resistência à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis em Genótipos de Cacaueiros no Sul da Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Sreenivasan, T.N. (1993) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.

Shripat, C. (1995) Preliminary screening of Trinidad Selected Hybrid (TSH) clones for resistance to Black Pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) in Trinidad. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Allliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 837-840.

Sreenivasan, T.N. (1980) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.

Lopez, U.V., Paim, M., Luz, E.D.N., Silva, S.D.V.M., Gramacho, K.P. and Pires, J.L. (2006) Resistance of Cacao Farmer Selections to Phytophthora citrophthora in Brazil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Fonseca, S.E.A & Albuquerque, P.S.B. de (1996) Avaliacao de clones de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira em relaçao a incidencia de vassoura-de bruxa. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance.

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. (1997) Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.

Kamaldeo Maharaj, Patricia Maharaj, Frances L. Bekele, Davinan Ramnath, Gillian G. Bidaisee, Isaac Bekele, Cynthra Persad, Krysta Jennings & Reishma Sankar (2009) Trinidad Selected Hybrids: An Investigation of the Phenotypic and Agro-Economic Traits of 20 Selected Cacao Cultivars. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.