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ICS 39    Theobroma cacao

 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979)
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Derivation: Imperial College Selections.
Location: ICTA, Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes:  Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979 [LOC79A] Selections from farms in Trinidad (1-100) and from Criollo progenies (101-107).

Cope, 1949a [COP49A]. One hundred selections were made as a result of a survey started in 1930 by Pound.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Numbers 1 to 100 were selected from all over Trinidad, numbers 101 to 107 were Criollo trees selected from a farm but all have been lost and numbers greater than 111 are selections made in an experimental programme.

Bartley, 1996a [BAR96A]. The ICS material includes several clones which resulted from recent (at that time) introductions. These include Criollos from Nicaragua (ICS 60 and its relatives) or Venezuela. Other ICS clones represent "Amazonian" types originally introduced from the Orinoco. It is likely that several introductions were involved in creating the diversity that existed in Trinidad when Pound started the selection work.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] From ICS 113 onwards these clones were used as parents in the AX / MX series. The same cross be known by an equivalent C [TTO] name.
 

Synonyms: EET 325 [IMP], EET IMP 325, I S C 39

    Disclaimer

Recommended clone in:
Dominican Republic
Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic
 Reference
Recommended seed parent in:
Colombia
Bi-parental cross: ICS 39 x P 7 [POU] 
Recommended by: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA), Colombia
Year: 1980s (Until late 1990s)
 Reference
Recommended seed parent in:
Colombia
Bi-parental cross: P 7 [POU]  x ICS 39
Recommended by: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA), Colombia
Year: 1980s (Until late 1990s)
 Reference
Recommended seed parent in:
Colombia
Bi-parental cross: EET 400 [ECU]  x ICS 39
Recommended by: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA), Colombia
Year: 1980s (Until late 1990s)
 Reference

 Parents:
NIC  x Unknown
 - McEchnie Tobago
   Trinidad - Dept of Agriculture, No Date
 Mother to:
DE 36    Bartley, B.G.D., 1997
DE 39    Bartley, B.G.D., 1997
 Father to:
CC 232    Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
CC 234    Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774299   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629525
BioSample: SAMN09934457
SampleSource: Costa Rica, Tree_ID: 17448
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA734904   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR14743864   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX11078258
BioSample: SAMN19549172
SampleSource: AGROSAVIA, Colombia

 HELD IN

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Current List   ICQC,R Website
• Accession: RUQ 1089     ICQC,R 
   - Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 2001
List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 265
   - Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS-39
   - Year of Accession: 1995
List received in 1985   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10315
   - Local Name: ICS-39
   - Year of Accession: 1960
List received in 1989   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1964
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1964
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1974
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: ICS-39
List received in 1992   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1990
List received in 1992   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS39
   - Year of Accession: 1970
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1958
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1954
 Honduras, Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA)
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 2009   Reference
• Local Name: ICS - 39
List received in 1991   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39
List received in 2024   Reference
• Accession: TARS 16664     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: ICS 39
   - Year of Accession: 1939
List received in 1972   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 39

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Moderately Susceptible
 Iton, E.F., 1959
Susceptible
 Cope, F.W. & Bartley, B.G.D., 1962
11.46 % Infection (Pod).
Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = BC
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986
Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Morera, J., 1993
Moderate Resistance, 89.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Blaha, G. & Lotode, R., 1976
Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).
 Kebe, 1999
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980
24.58 % Infection
Note: 24 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992
Intermediate
 Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K., 1989
Intermediate Tolerance
 Phua, P.K. et al., 1990
Tolerant (Pod).
 Trinidad - CRU, 1994

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High Damage
Note: Trial D11/2. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = A
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
High Damage
 N'Goran, J.A.K. et al., 1993
Resistant
 K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003
No Damage
 Trinidad - Dept of Agriculture, No Date

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Seed Index: 82.6 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 22.9 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 68.4 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 17.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Pod Index: 22.1 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 68.0 (dried beans per 100g)
Productivity: high
 Reference
Yield (wet beans per tree): 13.00 kg
 Reference
Acc: TARS 16664
Pod Index: 16.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
Yield (dry beans per tree): 0.86 kg
 Reference
Yield: 2189 kg ha-1 yr-1
 Reference

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Number: 36.1
Dry Weight: 1.21 g
 Reference
Number: 38.5
Total Dry Weight: 56.6 g
Dry Weight: 1.46 g
Note: 60 plants sampled
 Reference
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Purple: Present
Size: large
 Reference
Colour: purple
Shape: ovate
Number: 39.0
Total Wet Weight: 62.2 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.16 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.0 mm
Cotyledon Width: 13.8 mm
 Reference
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Absent
Colour Grey: Absent
Colour White: Absent
Colour Mottled: Absent
Number: 30.0
Maximum Number: 42
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.30 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.47 g
Cotyledon Length: 26.1 mm
Cotyledon Width: 13.1 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 9.4 mm
 Reference
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Present
Colour White: Present
 Reference
Acc: TARS 16664
Number: 34.0
Total Wet Weight: 473.1 g
Total Dry Weight: 60.0 g
 Reference

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Butterfat Content: 55.00 %
Maximum Butterfat Content: 58.08 %
Minimum Butterfat Content: 54.08 %
Note: 10 plants sampled
 Reference
Testa: 4.60 %
 Reference
Butterfat Content: 54.30 %
Testa: 4.70 %
 Reference

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Size: large
 Reference
Shape: oblong
Basal Constriction: moderate
Apex Form: attenuate
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 176.0 mm
Breadth: 77.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference
Rugosity: intense
 Reference
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: slightly acute
Rugosity: moderate
Husk Thickness: 10.3 mm (12.7 - 7.9)
Length: 178.0 mm
Breadth: 94.0 mm
Colour: absent anthocyanin
Weight: 595.0 g
Pods Per Tree: 7
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.89
Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.71
 Reference
Acc: TARS 16664
Length: 191.0 mm
Breadth: 93.0 mm
Weight: 608.4 g
Pods Per Tree: 14
 Reference
Shape: angoleta
Colour: green
 Reference

Accession: RUQ 1089
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 8.84 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.20 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.96 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 46.20 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.62 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 6
Leaf Area: 329.80 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 2.14 g
Specific Leaf Area: 156.70 cm2 g-1
 Reference

Colour: slight anthocyanin
 Reference
Colour: brownish orange
 Reference

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Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 8.47 mm
Ligule Width: 3.20 mm
Ovule Number: 42
Style Length: 2.25 mm
Pedicel Colour: red
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin
Sepal Colour: greyish green
Sepal Width: 2.49 mm
Sepal Length: 8.77 mm
Ligule Length: 8.71 mm
Ligule Width: 3.01 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Ovary Width: 0.95 mm
Ovary Length: 1.42 mm
Style Length: 2.34 mm
Staminode Length: 7.84 mm
Pedicel Colour: pale red
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.
 Reference
Ovule Number: 44
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979) The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Batista, Lepido J. (2009) Guía Técnica el Cultivo de Cacao en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal (CEDAF)
Rodriguez-Medina, Caren, Alvaro Caicedo Arana, Olivier Sounigo, Xavier Argout, Gabriel Alvarado Alvarado & Roxana Yockteng (2019) Cacao Breeding in Colombia, Past, Present and Future. Breeding Science, no. 1999
Trinidad - Dept of Agriculture (No Date) Description of clonal cacao trees (mainly ICS clones). Unpublished notebook, Department of Agriculture, Trinidad.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1997) List of "DE" (polyembryonic) progenies cultured at UWI. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.
Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
Jaime A Osorio-Guarín, Jhon A Berdugo-Cely, Roberto A Coronado-Silva, Eliana Baez, Yeirme Jaimes, Roxana Yockteng (2020) Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Associated with Productivity and Disease Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1713–1725
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.
Colombia - ICA Palmira (1990) List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Dominican Republic - CDC (1987) Informe de los trabajos de indentificacion clonal realizados por el Dr. B.G.Bartley durante su visita a la Estacion "Mata Larga". Unpublished of the Comision del Cacau, Dominican Republic. pp 14
IDIAF (2011) Cocoa accessions held in the Dominican Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Research (IDIAF). M. Ventura, personal communication, September 2011.
Fiji - Naduruloulou (1992) Cocoa collection - Fiji Naduruloulou Research Station. G. Prasad, Koronivia Research Station, Nausari, Fiji. Personal Communication.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
Gabon - SOCAGAB (1992) Liste des clones de la collection du C.M.C.E. de Minkong (Oyem, Gabon). Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD, Kourou, Guyane. Personal Communication.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Guatemala - Los Brilliantes (1994) Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.
Chesney, P.E. (2008) Guyana accessions. Personal communication, September 2008.
Honduras - CEDEC (1994) List of accessions in CEDEC, La Masica, Honduras. J.A. Sanchez, FHIA, Honduras. Personal Communication.
Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Luis F. García Carrión (2009) Catalogo de Cultivares de Cacao del Peru.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1991) Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2024) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in September 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1972) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.
Iton, E.F. (1959) Studies on a wilt disease of cacao at River Estate. A Report on Cacao Research, 1957-1958. The Regional Research Centre of the British Caribbean.
Cope, F.W. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1962) New varieties and breeding policies at ICTA. In: Report of the 1961 Cocoa Conference, London. The Cocoa, Chocolate & Confectionery Alliance, UK. pp. 134-136.
Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. (1995) Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1986) Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.
Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. (1976) Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.
Kebe (1999) Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1993) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1980) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. (1989) Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.
Phua, P.K., Lamin, K & Lee, M.T. (1990) Cocoa germplasm in Sabah and their potential. In: Proceedings of the MCGC-Malaysia Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research. MCGC, Malaysia.
Trinidad - CRU (1994) Cocoa Research Unit. Report for 1994. The University of the West Indies.
N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. (1993) Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.
K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Brian Irish (2011) CACAO.MAYAGUEZ.2007-2011. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
French Guiana - CIRAD-CP (2003) F. Guiana database 2003. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, 17 March 2003.
KKO (1993) Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.