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IMC 44    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo (Mid Channel).
Collected by Pound.
Location: Iquitos, Peru.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Main type - very large lagarta calabacillo pods, oval, very smooth, normal blanco. Seeds large, flat, losenge shaped. 'Hybrid group'-large pods, somewhat warty at stem end but smooth and round like calabacillo at the apex. Third group-small, oval, warty pods, dense flowering. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The common features of this group of clones are the high ovule numbers (65+) and a specific type of anthocyanin pigmentation in the stamens and base of the corolla. Posnette, 1945a [POS45A]. Petioles are of a type intermediate between those of Nanay (see NA) and Parinari (see PA) types; the constriction is usually short and narrow.

Notes:  Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from at least two groups of trees which were free of Witches' Broom.

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. They are probably the progenies of two trees, later propagated as the clones P 18 [POU] and P 21 [POU].

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 112 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1997a, [BAR97A] The progeny of the individual clones is not documented and it is important not to consider the IMC clones as one homogeneous group.
 

Synonyms: IQUITOS MIXED 44

 Putative Half-Sibs:
Group P27   Zhang, D. et al., 2009
IMC 10 
IMC 105 
IMC 107 
IMC 11 
IMC 12 
IMC 13 
IMC 16 
IMC 18 
IMC 23 
IMC 27 
IMC 30 
IMC 33 
IMC 38 
IMC 42 
IMC 47 
IMC 53 
IMC 55 
IMC 58 
IMC 59 
IMC 6 
IMC 60 
IMC 61 
IMC 63 
IMC 65 
IMC 68 
IMC 71 
IMC 76 
IMC 77 
IMC 78 
IMC 85 
IMC 9 
IMC 96 
IMC 98 

'Iquitos' Population
Subgroup: 'IMC I'   Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: IMC44
   - Year of Accession: 1974
 Honduras, Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA)
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: IMC 44
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: IMC 44
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: IMC 44

Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Unattached and 3mm stab inoculated
 Iwaro, A.D. et al., 1998
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Unattached and 9mm stab inoculated
 Iwaro, A.D. et al., 1998

Pod Index: 22.6 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

Size: medium
 Reference
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 52.0
Total Wet Weight: 67.5 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.85 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.9 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.7 mm
 Reference

Testa: 6.60 %
 Reference

Size: large
 Reference
Shape: obovate
Basal Constriction: moderate
Apex Form: indented
Rugosity: slight
Length: 163.0 mm
Breadth: 91.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: moderate
Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

Colour: slight anthocyanin
 Reference
Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference

Stamen Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 8.50 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Pedicel Colour: moderate anthocyanin
 Reference
Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 6.85 mm
Ligule Width: 2.51 mm
Ovule Number: 48
Style Length: 2.04 mm
Pedicel Colour: red
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. (2009) Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Honduras - CEDEC (1994) List of accessions in CEDEC, La Masica, Honduras. J.A. Sanchez, FHIA, Honduras. Personal Communication.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. (1998) Cacao resistance to Phytophthora: Effect of pathogen species, inoculation depths and pod maturity. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104: pp.11-15
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Allen, J.B. (1988) Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.