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IMC 58    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo (Mid Channel).
Collected by Pound.
Location: Iquitos, Peru.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Main type - very large lagarta calabacillo pods, oval, very smooth, normal blanco. Seeds large, flat, losenge shaped. 'Hybrid group'-large pods, somewhat warty at stem end but smooth and round like calabacillo at the apex. Third group-small, oval, warty pods, dense flowering. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The common features of this group of clones are the high ovule numbers (65+) and a specific type of anthocyanin pigmentation in the stamens and base of the corolla. Posnette, 1945a [POS45A]. Petioles are of a type intermediate between those of Nanay (see NA) and Parinari (see PA) types; the constriction is usually short and narrow.

Notes:  Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from at least two groups of trees which were free of Witches' Broom.

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. They are probably the progenies of two trees, later propagated as the clones P 18 [POU] and P 21 [POU].

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 112 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1997a, [BAR97A] The progeny of the individual clones is not documented and it is important not to consider the IMC clones as one homogeneous group.
 

Synonyms: IQUITOS MIXED 58

 Putative Half-Sibs:
Group P27   Zhang, D. et al., 2009
IMC 10 
IMC 105 
IMC 107 
IMC 11 
IMC 12 
IMC 13 
IMC 16 
IMC 18 
IMC 23 
IMC 27 
IMC 30 
IMC 33 
IMC 38 
IMC 42 
IMC 44 
IMC 47 
IMC 53 
IMC 55 
IMC 59 
IMC 6 
IMC 60 
IMC 61 
IMC 63 
IMC 65 
IMC 68 
IMC 71 
IMC 76 
IMC 77 
IMC 78 
IMC 85 
IMC 9 
IMC 96 
IMC 98 

'Iquitos' Population
Subgroup: 'IMC I'   Reference

 HELD IN

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 United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R)
Current List   ICQC,R Website
• Accession: RUQ 1633     ICQC,R 
   - Local Name: IMC 58
   - Year of Accession: 2007
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: IMC 58
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: IMC 58

55.90 % Infection
Note: 22 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992

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Seed Index: 116.2 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 26.8 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Seed Index: 114.9 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 35.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
Pod Index: 24.4 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

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Number: 43.5
Dry Weight: 0.86 g
 Reference
Number: 31.9
Total Dry Weight: 28.1 g
Dry Weight: 0.87 g
Note: 38 plants sampled
 Reference
Size: medium
 Reference
Colour: dark purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 45.0
Total Wet Weight: 49.6 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.91 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.6 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.3 mm
 Reference

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Butterfat Content: 58.40 %
Note: 9 plants sampled
 Reference
Testa: 5.60 %
 Reference
Butterfat Content: 54.65 %
Testa: 5.76 %
 Reference

Size: large
 Reference
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 160.0 mm
Breadth: 88.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

Accession: RUQ 1633
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.57 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.10 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.29 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 61.20 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.49 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 3
Leaf Area: 286.90 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 2.06 g
Specific Leaf Area: 141.90 cm2 g-1
 Reference

Colour: moderate anthocyanin
 Reference

Distance from Base to Widest Part: 154 mm
Length: 319.0 mm
Width: 112.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 2.90
Basal Angle: 154.8 °
Apical Angle: 56.6 °
Petiole Length: 17 mm
Pulvinus Length: 15 mm
 Reference

Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.50 mm
Ligule Width: 3.10 mm
Ovule Number: 60
Style Length: 2.58 mm
Pedicel Colour: red
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. (2009) Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.