Project Impact

Australia

Diczbalis, Y., Lemin, C., Richards, N. and Wicks, C. (2010). Producing Cocoa in Northern Australia. (RIRDC Publication No. 09/092). http://www.rirdc.gov.au.

Belgium

Wever, J., Everaert H., Coppieters, F., Rottiers, H., Dewettinck, K., Lefever, S. and Messens, K. (2019). The development of a novel SNP genotyping assay to differentiate cacao clones. Nature Scientific Reports, 9:9512. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45884-8.

Brazil

Machado, R.C.R., Monteverde-Penso, E.J., Pires, J.L., Motamayor, J.C. and Aitken, W.A. (2007). Characterisation and selection of cacao clones planted at high density at Almirante, Bahia, Brazil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, 9 – 14 October 2006, San José, Costa Rica. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance. pp. 625–34.

Cameroon

Efombagn, M.I.B., Nyassé, S., Sounigo, O., Kolesnikova-Allen, M. and Eskes, A.B. (2007). Participatory cocoa selection in Cameroon: Phytophthora pod rot resistant accessions identified in farmers’ fields. Crop Protection Journal, 26, 1467 -1473.

Sounigo, O., and Efombagn Mousseni, I.B. (2012). Cocoa improvement and variety delivery effort in Cameroon.” In INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012. INGENIC.

Costa Rica

Phillips-Mora, W., Castillo, J., Arciniegas, A., Mata, A., Sánchez, A., Leandro, M., Astorga, C. et al. (2010). Overcoming the main limiting factors of cacao production in central America through the use of improved clones developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cacao Research Conference, Denpassar, Bali 16-21st November 2009. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance. pp. 93-99.

Côte d’Ivoire

N’Guessan, K F, N’Goran, J A K and Eskes, A.B. (2006). Mirid resistance studies in Cote d’Ivoire: assessment of antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. In: Global Approaches to Cocoa Germplasm Utilization and Conservation: Final Report of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project, edited by A B Eskes and Y Efron. Bioversity International. pp. 177–86.

Tahi, M.G., Lachenaud, P., N’Goran, J.A.K., Pokou, D.N., Kebe, I.B., Paulin, D., Clement, D. et al. (2012). The current status of selected cacao material and future approaches to the development of cocoa varieties in Côte d’Ivoire. In INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012, 21–22. INGENIC.

Ecuador

Zambrano, J, F Amores, Albertus B Eskes, A Vasco, and G Peña. (2007). Productivity and health of a group of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) genotypes introduced into Ecuador and tested in the Quevedo zone. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, 9 – 14 October 2006, San José, Costa Rica. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance. pp. 471-477.

Germany

Nieves-Orduña, H.E., Müller, M., Krutovsky, K.V. and Gailing, O. (2021). Geographic patterns of genetic variation among cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) populations based on chloroplast markers. Diversity, 13(6), p.249

Ghana

Ofori, A., Arthur, A.A. and Padi, F.K. (2019). Extending the cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) gene pool with underrepresented genotypes: growth and yield traits. Tree Genetics & Genomes. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-019-1382-1

Ofori, A., Padi, F.K., Ameyaw, G.A., Dadzie, A.M., Opoku-Agyeman, M., Domfeh, O. and Ansah, F.O. (2022). Field evaluation of the impact of cocoa swollen shoot virus disease infection on yield traits of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in Ghana. Plos one, 17(1), p.e0262461

Ofori, A., Padi, F.K., Ansah, F.O., Akpertey, A. and Anim-Kwapong, G. (2016). Genetic variation for vigour and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in Ghana. Scientia Horticulturae 213, 287-293.

Padi, F.K., Ofori, A. and Akpertey, A. (2016). Genetic base-broadening of cacao for precocity and cropping efficiency. Plant Genetic Resources (Cambridge) https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262116000277

Padi, F.K., Ofori, A., and Arthur, A. (2016). Genetic variation and combining abilities for vigour and yield in a recurrent selection program for cacao. Journal of Agricultural Science 155, 444-464

Ofori, A., Padi, F.K., Acheampong. K. and Lowor, S. (2015). Genetic variation and relationship of traits related to drought tolerance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) under shade and no shade conditions in Ghana. Euphytica 201, 411 - 421

Ofori, A., Padi, F.K., Ameyaw, G.A., Dadzie, M.A. and Lowor, S. (2015). Genetic variation among cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) families for resistance to cocoa swollen shoot virus disease in relation to total phenolic content. Plant Breeding 134, 477 - 484

Ofori, A., Padi, F.K., Assuah, M.K. and Anim-Kwapong. G.J. (2014). Broadening the gene pool of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) progenies with Guiana clones: establishment and precocity traits. Journal of Crop Improvement 28, 715-728

Padi, F.K. 2017. Potential of Recurrent Selection for Developing Improved Cocoa Varieties in Ghana. Paper Presented at International Symposium on Cocoa Research, 13-17th November 2017, Lima, Peru.

Appiah, A.A., Flood, J., Archer, S.A. and Bridge, P.D. (2001). Search for Host Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot Disease of Cocoa, the Problem of Pathogen Variability. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Cocoa Research Conference, 9-14 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 465. Cocoa Producers Alliance. pp. 467-472

Karimu, A. A., Adomako, B. and Ampomah, Y.A. (2006). Cocoa Introductions into Ghana. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 39 (2), 227–238.

India

Balasimha, D., Elain Apshara, S. and Jose, C.T. (2013). Genotypic variations in chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance of cocoa in relation to drought tolerance. Journal of plantation crops 41(1), 40-45.

Apshara, E.S., Rajesh, M.K. and Balasimha, D. (2013). Assessment of morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics of cocoa accessions from Central and South America in relation to drought tolerance. Journal of Plantation Crops 41 (3), 389- 397.

Apshara, E. (2019). Cocoa genetic resources and their utilization in palm-based cropping systems of India. Link

Balasimha, D, and Apshara, E.S. (2012). Photosynthetic characteristics of cocoa genotypes from different geographical origins in relation to drought tolerance. Presentation made at 17th ICRC Yaounde, 15-20 October 2012.

Vikraman Nair, R., Mallika, V.K., Sunitha, S. (1993). Cocoa breeding at the Kerala Agricultural University. In Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI (Trinidad), 13th - 17th September, 1992. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.

Malaysia

Nuraziawati, M.Y. (2008). The Collection of International Clones 2005 – 2007 at MCB Hilir Perak. Malaysia Cocoa Vol. 5 (No. 1), 24-26. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu.

Nuraziawati, M. Y., Azmi, C. A., Shari Fuddin, S. and Zailaini M. J. (2014). The tolerance level of cacao clones against Vascular Streak Dieback Disease. In: Proceedings of the Malaysian International Cocoa Conference (MICC 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7-8th October 2013. Malaysian Cocoa Board. pp. 48 - 50.

Nuraziawati, M. Y., Azmi, C. A., Shari Fuddin, S. and Zailaini M. J. (2013). Evaluation on cacao clones tolerance against vascular streak dieback disease. 6-8th June 2013, National Biotechnology Seminar. Penang, Malaysia.

Nuraziawati, M.Y., Khairul Bariah, S., Lea, J. and Alias, A.D. (2015). Assessment of genetic variation in cacao clones collection of MCB Hilir Perak using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. 12-13th August 2015, Malaysian Genetic Congress ke-11. University Perdana Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Nuraziawati, M.Y., Zailaini, M.J., and Haya, R. (2015). Assessment and evaluation on cacao germplasm under CRDC Hilir Perak condition. 2-3 December 2015. 2nd International conference on crop improvement. UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Haya, R., Nuraziawati, M.Y., Aizat, J. and Azlan, S. (2016). Classification of Malaysia cacao germplasm based on yield, vascular streak dieback disease and SSR markers. In Frontiers in Science and Technology for Cacao Quality, Productivity and Sustainability Symposium (Poster Presentation). 31st May – 3rd June 2016. Pensylvania, USA.

Malaysia continued

Nuraziawati M.Y., Haya R. and Aizat J. (2017). Performance of international cacao genetic materials under MCB CRDC Bagan Datuk Agro-climatic conditions. Poster Presented at MCB Annual Scientists Workshop 2017, One Borneo, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 23rd – 26th October 2017.

Haya, R., Nuraziawati M.Y. and Aizat, J. (2014). Cocoa germplasm in the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB). Presented at Asia-Pacific INGENIC Cocoa Breeding Group Meeting. University of Reading, UK, 16th June 2014.

Lamin, K. and Sa’edi, M. (1995). Cocoa breeding strategies of the Malaysian Cocoa Board. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding Strategies. Kuala Lumpur, 18th - 19th October, 1994., Edited by MJ End, A B Eskes, MT Lee and G Lockwood, 59–65. London: INGENIC.

Nigeria

Olasupo, F.O., Adewale, B.A., Aikpokpodion, P.O., Muyiwa, A.A., Bhattacharjee, R., Gutierrez, O.A., Motamayor, J.C., Schnell, R.J., Ebai, S., Zhang, D. (2018). Genetic identity and diversity of Nigerian cacao genebank collections verified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): a guide to field genebank management and utilization. Tree Genetics and Genomes 14, 32.

Olasupo, F.O., and Aikpokpodion, P.O. (2019). Cacao Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization for Sustainable Production in Nigeria. In: Theobroma Cacao - Science for Sustainability of Global Cocoa Economy. Link

Peru

Arévalo-Gardini, E., Farfán, A., Barraza, F., Arévalo-Hernández, C.O., Zúñiga-Cernades, L.B., Alegre, J. and Baligar, V.C. (2021). Growth, physiological, nutrient-uptake-efficiency and shade-tolerance responses of cacao genotypes under different shades. Agronomy, 11(8), p.1536.

Arévalo-Hernández, C.O., Arévalo-Gardini, E., Farfan, A., Amaringo-Gomez, M., Daymond, A., Zhang, D. and Baligar, V.C. (2022). Growth and nutritional responses of juvenile wild and domesticated cacao genotypes to soil acidity. Agronomy, 12(12), p.3124.

United Kingdom

Adu-Gyamfi, R., Wetten, A.C. and Rodríguez López, C.M. (2016). Effect of cryopreservation and post-cryopreservation somatic embryogenesis on the epigenetic fidelity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). PLoS One 11 (7): e0158857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158857.

Awudzi, G.K., Hadley, P., Hatcher, P.E. and Daymond, A.J. (2020). Mirid feeding preference as influenced by light and temperature‐mediated changes in plant nutrient concentration in cocoa. Annals of Applied Biology, 177(3), pp.395-403.

Barati, E., Moore, R.E., Ullah, I., Kreissig, K., Coles, B.J., Dunwell, J.M. and Rehkämper, M. (2023). An investigation of zinc isotope fractionation in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and comparison of zinc and cadmium isotope compositions in hydroponic plant systems under high cadmium stress. Scientific Reports, 13(1), p.4682.

Charters, Y. M. and Wilkinson, M.J. 2000. The use of self-pollinated progenies as ‘in-Groups’ for the genetic characterization of cocoa germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100 (1), 160–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/Pl00002903.

Daymond, A.J. and Hadley, P. (2004). The effects of temperature and light integral on chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence of four contrasting genotypes of cacao (Theobroma cacao). Annals of Applied Biology 145, 257-262.

Daymond, A.J. and Hadley, P. (2008). Differential effects of temperature on fruit development and bean quality of contrasting genotypes of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Annals of Applied Biology 153, 175-185.

Daymond, A.J., Tricker, P.J. and Hadley, P. (2011). Genotypic variation in photosynthesis in cacao is correlated with stomatal conductance and leaf nitrogen. Biologia Plantarum 55, 99-104.

Daymond, A.J., Tricker, P.J. and Hadley, P. (2010). Genotypic variation in photosynthetic and leaf traits in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference. Bali, November 2009. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance. pp. 343-351.

A.J. Daymond and P. Hadley. (2009). Screening of cocoa germplasm for high temperature tolerance. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San José, Costa Rica. October 2006. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance pp. 87-94.

Ford, C.S. and Wilkinson, M.J. (2012). Confocal observations of late-acting self-incompatibility in Theobroma cacao L. Sexual Plant Reproduction 25 (3), 169–83.

Lahive, F., Hadley, P. and Daymond, A.J. 2018. The impact of elevated CO2 and water deficit on growth and photosynthesis of juvenile cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Photosynthetica 56, 911-920.

Lahive, F., Handley, L.R., Hadley, P. and Daymond, A.J. (2021). Climate change impacts on cacao: genotypic variation in responses of mature cacao to elevated CO2 and water deficit. Agronomy, 11(5), p.818.

Mateus-Rodríguez, J.F., Lahive, F., Hadley, P. and Daymond, A.J. (2023). Effects of simulated climate change conditions of increased temperature and [CO2] on the early growth and physiology of the tropical tree crop, Theobroma cacao L. Tree Physiology, 43(12), pp.2050-2063.

Moore, R.E., Ullah, I., de Oliveira, V.H., Hammond, S.J., Strekopytov, S., Tibbett, M., Dunwell, J.M. and Rehkämper, M. (2020). Cadmium isotope fractionation reveals genetic variation in Cd uptake and translocation by Theobroma cacao and role of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 5 and heavy metal ATPase-family transporters. Horticulture research, 7.

Moore, R.E., Ullah, I., Dunwell, J.M. and Rehkämper, M. (2024). Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by Theobroma cacao. Plants, 13(4), p.551.

Muller, E., Ullah, I., Dunwell, J.M., Daymond, A.J., Richardson, M., Allainguillaume, J. and Wetten, A. (2021). Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao). Scientific Reports, 11(1), p.8270.

Ullah, I., Daymond, A.J., Hadley, P., End, M.J., Umaharan, P. and Dunwell, J.M. (2021). Identification of cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV) and cacao yellow vein-banding virus (CYVBV) in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) germplasm. Viruses, 13(11), p.2152.

Ullah, I. and Dunwell, J.M. (2023). Bioinformatic, genetic and molecular analysis of several badnavirus sequences integrated in the genomes of diverse cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) germplasm. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(5), p.103648.

Ullah, I., Kamran, M. and Dunwell, J.M. (2023). Identification of a novel polerovirus in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) germplasm and development of molecular methods for use in diagnostics. Pathogens, 12(11), p.1284.

Ullah, I, Wang, Y., Eide, D.J. and Dunwell, J.M. 2018. Evolution, and functional analysis of natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) from Theobroma cacao and their role in Cadmium Accumulation. Scientific Reports 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32819-y.

General

Sounigo, O., Bekele, F.L. Iwaro, A.D., Thévenin, J-M., Sukha, D.A., Singh, V., Umaharan, R. et al. (2005). Description of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project Collection. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana, 9-14th October 2003. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance. pp 21-32.

Tan, C. L., Davey, M.R., Lotte, K.C., Power, J.B., and Furtek, D.B. (2001). A study on the factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Cocoa Research Conference, 9-14th October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Cocoa Producers Alliance. pp. 277-283.

Adu-Ampomah, Y., Amores, F., Badaru, K., Efron, Y., Engels, J.M.M., Eskes, A.B., Frison, E.A. et al. (2005). Results and benefits of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI project on cocoa germplasm utilisation and conservation, a global approach. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana, 9-14th October 2003. Cocoa Producers Alliance. pp. 13-20

Eskes, A.B., Adu-Ampomah, Y., Aikpokpodion, P.O., Butler, D.R., Amores, F.M., Daymond, A.J., Efombagn Mousseni, I.B. et al. (2010). Results from collaborative and farmer participatory approaches to cocoa variety selection and breeding. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Denpassar, Bali 16th - 21st November 2009. Cocoa Producers’ Alliance. pp. 73-80.

Buchwalder, A., Trujillo, L., Bermudez, F., Gutiérrez, M., Resink, M., High, D., Florin, B., Diop, S. and Broun, P. (2012). Mass propagation of trees to improve cocoa farming sustainability with the Nestlé cocoa plan. Presentation made at 17th ICRC Yaounde, 15-20 October 2012.