Derivation: Cacao Castro Naranjal.
Collected by Castro.
Location: Ecuador.
Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Leaf - white [Bartley, 1993a].
Notes: Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. May include some material collected from Oriente (CCN1,2,3,4?).
Bartley, 1999c [BAR99C] This group of clones is based on the cross (ICS 95 x IMC 67) x Oriente genotypes, possibly known as CCN1 or CCN 2. According to information given by Castro the Oriente material used in these selections derived from a collection made by himself in 1949 in a place called Canelos at the "Hacienda Ila", below the town or Puyo on the Rio Bobonaza in the eastern foothills of the Andes.
These clones were taken to the Miami quarantine facility in 1983 and from there were introduced into Brazil.
Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] CCN 100, 101 and 103 are not part of Castro's selections. These clones are from Ecuador but were erroneously identified in Miami as additional CCNs. CCN 60 is also probably not related to the rest of the CCNs. It may be a FELDA selection.
Synonyms: CEN 51, INIAP T 680
November 2014. The accession held by this name at the University of Reading Cocoa Quarantine Centre is now known to have been mislabelled.
Purdy (1999) [PUR99A] CCN 51 was selected by Homero Castro in Ecuador. After the death of Castro his colleagues Eduardo Crespo del Campo and Fernando Crespo Andia established a propagation facility to produce rooted cuttings of CCN 51 for use by cacao growers in the Naranjal region of Ecuador. They have distributed thousands of rooted cuttings which have been planted in the field and have produced very well.
It is probable that one of the parents of CCN 51 may have been a progeny of the cross ICS 95 x IMC67. But another suggested parent, a clone designated Canellos, might be a mystery clone of unknown parentage. Based on the performance of CCN 51 in Ecuador, where it is resistant to Witches'' Broom, compared with its reported susceptibility to the disease in Bahia, it might be appropriate to conclude that CCN 51 possesses genes for resistance to Witches'' Broom that do not occur in SCA 6 or SCA 12. Perhaps CCN 51 could function as a differential clone to detect pathogenic variants of Crinipellis perniciosa.
Gerritsma and Toxopeus (1999) [GER99A] There is a 20 year old planting of 22 Ha of CCN 51 on the estate of Brakce-Egg near Iscozacin (near Puerte Bermudez) on the Palcasu River (tributary of Pachitea River) in Peru, which was apparently introduced and planted on the advice of Dr. Helfenberger (of CATIE in the 1960s). In July 1998 Toxopeus visited this plantation and all pods opened contained seeds with light purple cotyledons and more than 50 beans per pod. The pod index was around 15 pods per Kg of dry fermented cocoa. The plantation yields were high, in the order of 2 tons cured beans/Ha/year with no shade, no fertiliser or weed control. The plantation was virtually free of Witches'' Broom and Monilia, mainly due to the virtual absence of inoculum in the area. The clone was also apparently resistant to Phytophthora spp. as they were only superficially infected, but the inside of the pod and the seeds were not.
CCN 51 plants have also been observed in a field experiment in Tulamayo Experimental Station near Tingo Maria. These plants were very precocious and 18 month old plants were bearing pods. The vegetative vigour of the trees was low.
The clone is reported to have a low fat content, and the resulting powder does not have a good flavour and is of a very pale colour.
Alvim (1999a) [ALV99A] CCN 51 has been observed on a farm near Guyaquil and there is no doubt that in the coastal region of Ecuador it appears to be very tolerant not only to Witches'' Broom but also to Monilia. This high tolerance, however, might be related to the peculiar weather conditions prevailing in the coastal area of Ecuador where there is a rather long dry season (May to November), which is apparently well compensated by the practical absence of sunshine (foggy weather, with only about one or two hours of sunshine per day). Irrigation is commonly used.
CCN 51 is indeed a good clone, but unfortunately it shows absolutely no tolerance at all the Witches'' Broom in areas with high rainfall, such as observed in Bahia.
Alvim (1999b) [ALV99B] Breeders at CEPLAC appear convinced or apparently have good references indicating that CCN 51 is the result of a cross of the hybrid (IMC 67xICS 95) with an Ecuadorian cultivar locally known as "Canellos" (arriba type?). Also some of the pathologists at CEPLAC appear convinced that, under Bahia conditions, it is still one of the most tolerant to Witches'' Broom in our germplasm collection (particularly with regard to pod infection) and is undoubtedly one of the most productive.