Search Results

NA 32    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: river NAnay.
Collected by Pound.
Location: R. Nanay, Peru.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Fruit - unpigmented, half blanco, long oval, slightly warty, no conspicuous point nor bottle neck. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. Pound describes the typical NANAY as above (pod colour between light/intermediate green) but fruits with different characteristics appear among the NA clones of today which result from seedling progenies of the original collections. Posnette, 1945a [POS45A]. Fan branches are characterised by relatively short (less than 2 cm) petioles in which the pulvini are not clearly separated until the leaf ages, when a shallow constriction may develop. The stamen filaments are always pigmented to some degree, usually heavily.

Notes:  Collected in 1937.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods were probably collected from 14 trees which were free of witches' broom disease.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 708 plants were planted at Marper farm.


 

Synonyms: NANAI 32, NANAY 32

 RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL    Disclaimer

 Susilo, Agung W, 2015
Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (North Sumatera)
Seed Garden / Source: PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60   |  TSH 858   |  PA 35 [PER]   |  UF 667   |  NA 33   |  IMC 67 
Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia
 Reference
 Susilo, Agung W, 2015
Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (South-east Sulawesi)
Seed Garden / Source: PT Hasfarm Agro Niaga
Other Seed Garden Parents: NA 33   |  PA 35 [PER]   |  UIT 1   |  UIT 2   |  SCA 6   |  IMC 67 
Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia
 Reference
 Pokou, Désiré N et al., 2019
Recommended seed parent in:
Cote d'Ivoire
Other Seed Garden Parents: T 85 /799 [POS]   |  T 79 /501 [POS]   |  T 60 /887 [POS]   |  SCA 6   |  POR [FRE]   |  PA 150 [PER]   |  IMC 67   |  IFC 412 [CIV]   |  IFC 15 [CIV]   |  IFC 1 [CIV]   |  ICS 1 
Recommended by: Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Cote d'Ivoire
 Reference
 SANGARE Abdourahamane et al., 2009
Recommended seed parent in:
Cote d'Ivoire
Parent of Hybrid: 'H 321' 
Recommended by: Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Cote d'Ivoire
 Reference
 Asia-pacific, Working Group, 2012
Recommended seed parent in:
Vietnam
Other Seed Garden Parents: UIT 1   |  NA 33   |  SCA 12   |  UIT 2 
 Reference    View Associated Data

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Mother to:
AHT 14    Bartley, B.G.D., 1998
AX 353    Trinidad - ICTA, No Date
B8 7-35    Philippe Lachenaud, 2012
BR 25    Dinarti, D et al., 2015
C 64 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 67 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 68 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 69 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 78 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
H 321 [CIV]    SANGARE Abdourahamane et al., 2009
IFC 1204 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1261 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1268 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1282 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1292 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1293 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1310 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1314 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1315 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1320 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1325 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
IFC 1331 [CIV]    Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
T 100 [POS]    Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986
T 72 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 79 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 82 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 92 [POS]    Adomako, B. & Adu-Ampomah, Y., 2000
 Father to:
A 1235 [MYS]    Department of Agriculture, Malaysia., 1988
A 877 [MYS]    Department of Agriculture, Malaysia., 1988
A 969 [MYS]    Department of Agriculture, Malaysia., 1988
BAL 206    Pang, J.T.Y. et al., 1994
BAL 209    Pang, J.T.Y. et al., 1994
C 40 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 42 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 43 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 57 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
C 74 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968
G VI 13    India - Kerala, 1996
G VI 30    India - Kerala, 1996
G VI 34    India - Kerala, 1996
G VI 35    India - Kerala, 1996
G VI 41    India - Kerala, 1996
I 21 [IND]    CPCRI, 2008
I 56 [IND]    CPCRI, 2008
NC 25    CPCRI, 2008
NC 36    CPCRI, 2008
T 101 [POS]    Olatoye, S.T. & Esan, E.B., 1993
T 60 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1049 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1050 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1051 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1052 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1057 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1174 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1175 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1176 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /162 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /174 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1774 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1775 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1776 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1803 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /1887 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /201 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /2254 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /2290 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /2292 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /2310 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /475 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /877 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /885 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /886 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /887 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /962 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /963 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /964 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /973 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /974 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /975 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 60 /976 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 61 [POS]    Adomako, B. & Adu-Ampomah, Y., 2000
T 63 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date
T 90 [POS]    Adomako, B. & Adu-Ampomah, Y., 2000
 Putative Half-Sibs:
Group P7   Zhang, D. et al., 2009
NA 13 
NA 170 
NA 719 
NA 867 
NA 888 

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Iquitos' Population
 Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 1985   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
List received in 1971   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
List received in 1989   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
   - Year of Accession: 1962
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
   - Year of Accession: 1991
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: NA32
   - Year of Accession: 1968
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00396
   - Local Name: NA32
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: Na 32
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
List received in 1971   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: Na32
List received in 1991   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: NA 32
   - Year of Accession: 1993
• Local Name: NA 32
   - Year of Accession: 1993

 DISEASE

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 Phytophthora
Cross: AML [MAL]  x NA 32
35.90 % Infection (Pod).
Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = E
 Jagoret, P. et al., 1995
19.40 % Infection (Pod).
Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = A
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).
 Kebe, 1999
Susceptible, 99.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Blaha, G. & Lotode, R., 1976
Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977
Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986
 Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus
Tolerant
 Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977
 Vascular Streak Dieback
Cross: NA 32 x PA 7 [PER] 
Susceptible
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1995
63.91 % Infection
Note: 23 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992
Susceptible
 Phua, P.K. et al., 1990
Susceptible
 Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K., 1989
Susceptible
 Butler, D.R. et al., 1998
Intermediate, isolate/strain S1
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Susceptible, isolate/strain S10
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Intermediate, isolate/strain S11
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Susceptible, isolate/strain S12
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S3
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Intermediate, isolate/strain S4
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Intermediate, isolate/strain S5
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Intermediate, isolate/strain S6
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S7
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Intermediate, isolate/strain S8
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
Intermediate, isolate/strain S9
 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996
 Witches Broom
Susceptible (Field Reaction).
 Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

 PESTS

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 Mirids
Moderate Damage
Note: Trial D11/2. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = D
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
Moderate Damage
 N'Goran, J.A.K. et al., 1993
Resistant
 K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003

 YIELD

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Seed Index: 108.6 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 27.8 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 30.6 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
Yield: 4393 kg ha-1 yr-1
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Number: 39.0
Total Dry Weight: 36.0 g
Dry Weight: 0.92 g
Note: 29 plants sampled
 Reference
 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: small
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: dark purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 43.0
Total Wet Weight: 38.2 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.76 g
Cotyledon Length: 18.7 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.2 mm
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Colour: dark purple
Shape: oval
Size: small
Number: 57.0
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Butterfat Content: 55.70 %
Maximum Butterfat Content: 59.21 %
Minimum Butterfat Content: 54.44 %
Note: 7 plants sampled
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 3.40 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

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 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: large
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 138.0 mm
Breadth: 68.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Shape: oval
Rugosity: smooth
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: moderate anthocyanin
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Colour: green
 Reference

 LEAF

 Trinidad - ICGT, 1992
Distance from Base to Widest Part: 137 mm
Length: 291.0 mm
Width: 103.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 2.80
Basal Angle: 93.3 °
Apical Angle: 59.0 °
Petiole Length: 16 mm
Pulvinus Length: 15 mm
 Reference

 FLOWER

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Self Compatibility: partial compatibility
 Reference
 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.20 mm
Ligule Width: 2.40 mm
Ovule Number: 45
Style Length: 2.11 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
 Posnette, A.F., 1945
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Susilo, Agung W (2015) BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Pokou, Désiré N, Andrew S Fister, Noah Winters, Mathias G Tahi, Coulibaly Klotioloma, Aswathy Sebastian, James H Marden, Siela N Maximova & Mark J Guiltinan (2019) Resistant and Susceptible Cacao Genotypes Exhibit Defense Gene Polymorphism and Unique Early Responses to Phytophthora Megakarya Inoculation. Plant Molecular Biology 99 (4–5): 499–516
SANGARE Abdourahamane, KOFFI Edmond, AKAMOU Fataye & FALL Cheikh Alassane (2009) Rapport national sur l'état des ressources phytogénétiques pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture: République de Côte d’Ivoire. Ministère de l’agriculture
Asia-pacific, Working Group (2012) Planting Materials Available for Cocoa Farmers in Asia / Pacific Region. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012
Bartley, B.G.D. (1998) Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.
Trinidad - ICTA (No Date) List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
Dinarti, D, Agung W Susilo, Lyndel W Meinhardt, K Ji, Lambert A Motilal, S Mischke, & Dapeng Zhang (2015) Genetic Diversity and Parentage in Farmer Selections of Cacao from Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia Revealed by Microsatellite Markers. Breeding Science 65 (5): 438–46
Toxopeus, H. (1968) Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1986) Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.
Ghana - WACRI (No Date) WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Adomako, B. & Adu-Ampomah, Y. (2000) Reflections on the yield of Upper Amazon cocoa hybrids in Ghana with reference to breeding for cocoa swollen shoot virus resistant varieties. Cocoa Growers' Bulletin 52: 33-45.
Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. (1988) 1988 Annual Research Report. Cocoa Research Station, Quoin Hill, Tawau. Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia.
Pang, J.T.Y., Lim, D.H.K. & Lockwood, G. (1994) Clonal cocoa trials and selection for superior clones. In: Proceedings of the International Cocoa Conference: Challenges in the 90's, Kuala Lumpur, 1991. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 38-47.
India - Kerala (1996) Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61
CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.
Olatoye, S.T. & Esan, E.B. (1993) Recent innovation in cacao genetic resources conservation in Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 281-291.
Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. (2009) Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.
Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. (1971) Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul (2012) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1991) Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Philippe Bastide. (2012) Les clones suivis au Vanuatu (unpublished list of accessions). Personal communication, February 2012.
Jagoret, P., Bastide, Ph., Pilecki, A., Besacier, C. & Eskes, A.B. (1995) Performance et resistance a la pourriture brune d'hybrides de cacaoyer au Vanuatu (Pacifique Sud). In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 425-431.
Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. (1995) Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Kebe (1999) Data from Cote d'Ivoire on black pod resistance. Kebe, report on CAOBISCO project. Forwarded to ICGD by Dr. A.B.Eskes, IPGRI.
Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. (1976) Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.
Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Bong, C.L., Tay, E.B., Lee, M.T. & Chong, T.C. (1995) Comparative study on cultural practices and planting materials in the management of vascular streak dieback and productivity in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 197-203.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Phua, P.K., Lamin, K & Lee, M.T. (1990) Cocoa germplasm in Sabah and their potential. In: Proceedings of the MCGC-Malaysia Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research. MCGC, Malaysia.
Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. (1989) Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.
Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. (1996) Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. (1993) Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.
K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
KKO (1993) Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Posnette, A.F. (1945) Incompatibility in Amazon cacao. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 22: pp. 184-187.