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SIAL 70    Theobroma cacao

 Pinto, G.C.P. & Magalhaes, W.S. (1956)
Tres anos de selecao nos cacauais na Bahia. In: Proceedings of the 5th Inter-American Cacao Research Conference. pp. 213-220.

Derivation: Selecao Instituto Agronomico do Leste, brazil.
Location: Brazil.

Lockwood, 1973a [LOC73A]. Habit - vigorous and prolific, Fruit - almost calabacillo in shape and of two types, Paracinho and Para, thin husks. Beans- small.

Notes:  Pinto & Magalhaes, 1956 [PIN56A] Selecao Instituto Agronomica do Leste, Brazil.

Vello et al. 1974a [VEL74A]. Selections made from farms especially in the south of Bahia. Forastero, Para, Comum and Maranhao types.
 

Synonyms: IAL 70

 COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: Jucurucu, Bahia, Brazil
Coordinates: 39.00 W, 17.00 S
   Marita, J. M. et al., 2001

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Parents:
COMUM  x Unknown   Morera, J., 1992
 Mother to:
CEPEC 43    Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
 Father to:
VB 1156    Stela Dalva V. M. Silva et al., 2006

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Amelonado' Population
Subgroup: 'Amelonado Type I'   Reference

 GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

 Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774316   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629508
BioSample: SAMN09934546
SampleSource: Costa Rica, Tree_ID: Tc00185

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 42
   - Local Name: SIAL 70
   - Year of Accession: 1978
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: SIAL 70
   - Year of Accession: 1978
List received in 2015   Reference
• Accession: SIAL 70 Quadra 5
   - Local Name: SIAL 70
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10482
   - Local Name: SIAL-70
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: SIAL - 70

 DISEASE

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 Ceratocystis
Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia..
 Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003
 Frosty Pod Rot
Susceptible, 97.00 % Infection
Note: External Severety = 4.4 and Internal Severety = 4.4
 Phillips, W., 1996
Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection
Note: External Severety = 4.4 and Internal Severety = 4.4
 Phillips, W., 1997
 Phytophthora
Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Morera, J., 1993
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Phillips, W., 1997

 YIELD

 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Seed Index: 93.4 (dried beans per 100g)
Productivity: very low - low
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Castro, G.C.T. de & Bartley, B.G.D., 1983
Number: 37.0
Length: 23.6 mm
Width: 13.0 mm
Thickness: 7.4 mm
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.66 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.09 g
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Absent
Colour Grey: Absent
Colour White: Absent
Colour Mottled: Absent
Number: 37.0
Maximum Number: 49
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.65 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.07 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.2 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.5 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 7.8 mm
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Colour Purple: 100 %
Length: 24.2 mm
Width: 12.7 mm
Thickness: 7.7 mm
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.58 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.06 g
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Colour Dark Purple: 100 %
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.58 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.06 g
Cotyledon Length: 24.2 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.7 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 7.7 mm
 Reference

 FRUIT

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 Castro, G.C.T. de & Bartley, B.G.D., 1983
Husk Thickness: 9.1 mm (10.3 - 7.9)
Length: 134.0 mm
Breadth: 89.0 mm
Weight: 499.0 g
Husk Weight: 372.00 g
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.50
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Rugosity: smooth
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Basal Constriction: very slight
Apex Form: slightly obtuse
Rugosity: smooth
Husk Thickness: 8.85 mm (10.9 - 6.8)
Length: 148.0 mm
Breadth: 96.0 mm
Colour: absent anthocyanin
Weight: 481.0 g
Pods Per Tree: 2
Hardness: hard
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.54
Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.91
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Shape: amelonado
Husk Thickness: 15.9 mm
Length: 159.0 mm
Breadth: 99.0 mm
Colour: yellow / yellow and red (ridge/furrow)
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.62
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Shape: amelonado
Rugosity: smooth
Husk Thickness: 15.9 mm
Length: 159.0 mm
Breadth: 100.0 mm
Colour: yellow and green / yellow (ridge/furrow)
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.59
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Shape: calabacillo
Colour: green
 Reference

 FLUSH

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 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour: light brown
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Colour: white
 Reference

 LEAF

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 Castro, G.C.T. de & Bartley, B.G.D., 1983
Distance from Base to Widest Part: 162 mm
Length: 316.0 mm
Width: 113.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 2.79
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Length to Width Ratio: 2.74
Basal Angle: 146.0 °
Apical Angle: 95.0 °
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Length to Width Ratio: 2.74
Basal Angle: 146.0 °
Apical Angle: 95.0 °
 Reference

 FLOWER

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 Castro, G.C.T. de & Bartley, B.G.D., 1983
Sepal Width: 2.52 mm
Sepal Length: 8.64 mm
Ligule Length: 7.38 mm
Ligule Width: 2.67 mm
Ovary Width: 1.34 mm
Ovary Length: 2.01 mm
Ovule Number: 51
Style Length: 2.13 mm
Staminode Length: 6.81 mm
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical)
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Colour: greyish green
Sepal Width: 2.10 mm
Sepal Length: 8.70 mm
Ligule Length: 7.60 mm
Ligule Width: 2.30 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Ovary Width: 1.10 mm
Ovary Length: 1.80 mm
Style Length: 2.00 mm
Staminode Length: 8.10 mm
Pedicel Colour: pastel red
Self Compatibility: self compatible
Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Bud Colour: slight anthocyanin
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Guide Line Length: 3.60 mm
Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Width: 2.60 mm
Sepal Length: 9.80 mm
Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.72
Ligule Length: 4.40 mm
Ligule Width: 2.80 mm
Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.59
Ribbon Length: 4.00 mm
Ribbon Colour: anthocyanin absent
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Ovary Width: 1.50 mm
Ovary Length: 2.50 mm
Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.58
Ovule Number: 49
Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Style Length: 2.10 mm
Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin
Staminode Length: 8.60 mm
Pedicel Length: 27.40 mm
Pedicel Colour: slight anthocyani, slight anthocyani (ab), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent
Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: absent
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Bud Colour: green
Ligule Colour: white
Stamen Colour: negligible anthocyanin
Guide Line Length: 3.60 mm
Sepal Colour: white
Sepal Width: 2.60 mm
Sepal Length: 9.80 mm
Ligule Length: 4.40 mm
Ligule Width: 2.80 mm
Ribbon Length: 4.00 mm
Ribbon Colour: white
Ovary Width: 1.50 mm
Ovary Length: 2.50 mm
Ovule Number: 49
Style Colour: white (apical), white (basal)
Style Length: 2.10 mm
Staminode Colour: yellow
Staminode Length: 8.60 mm
Pedicel Length: 27.40 mm
Pedicel Colour: green, green (ab), white (basal)
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent
 Reference

Pinto, G.C.P. & Magalhaes, W.S. (1956) Tres anos de selecao nos cacauais na Bahia. In: Proceedings of the 5th Inter-American Cacao Research Conference. pp. 213-220.
Marita, J. M., Nienhuis, J., Pires, J. L. & Aitken, W. M. (2001) Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Theobroma cacao with Emphasis on Witches’ Broom Disease Resistance. Crop Sci. 41:1305–1316.
Morera, J. (1992) Registro Internacional de Cultivares de Cacao. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Computer printout.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Stela Dalva V. M. Silva, Augusto Roberto S. Gomes, Edmundo P. Mandarino, Lindolfo P. dos S. Filho & Virgínia O. Damaceno (2006) Indicações de Resistência à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis em Genótipos de Cacaueiros no Sul da Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima (2015) RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva (2003) Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Phillips, W. (1996) Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Castro, G.C.T. de & Bartley, B.G.D. (1983) Caracterizacao dos recursos geneticos do cacaueiro. I. Folha, fruto e semente de selecoes da Bahia das series SIC e SIAL. Revista Theobroma 13: pp. 263-273.
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. (1967) Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Morera, J. & Mora, A. (1990) Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.