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AMELONADO [VAR] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Hall, C.J.J. van (1932)
Cacao (2nd Ed). Macmillan, London.

Van Hall, 1932a [HAL32A]. Fruits - broad, short sometimes with a blunt, sometimes acuminate apex, may or may not be bottlenecked, smooth with ten ridges.

Notes: Used to describe a particular fruit shape (Span.-like a melon).

Van Hall, 1932a [HAL32A]. Amelonado type defined as broad, short fruits sometimes with a blunt, sometimes acuminate apex. May or may not be bottlenecked. Smooth fruit wall with ten ridges.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. The term AMELONADO refers to the shape of the pod and thus should not be used as a variety name without some additional information on its origin or description (e.g. WEST AFRICAN AMELONADO" or "RED AMELONADO". Unfortunately there are many instances where the name "AMELONADO" is used in germplasm collections and there is no further information on the origin of the material. In many of these cases, the material is assumed to be WEST AFRICAN AMELONADO although the material has resulted from open pollinations and therefore not show the typical characteristics (See AMELONADO [MAY]).

Duplicate identifier (VARiety) added 8/5/96

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RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (Central Java); Seed Garden / Source: PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Mother to:: C 17 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 18 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 19 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; GF 24 Lachenaud, P. & Sallee, B., 1993

Reference

Lachenaud, P. & Sallee, B. 1993
Les cacaoyers spontanes de Guyane. Localisation, ecologie et morphologie. Cafe, Cacao, The 37: pp. 101-114.
Notes

French Guiana - CIRAD. A description of two expeditions to collect and study wild cacao trees in south-east French Guiana. The first expedition, in 1987, covered the upper course of Camopi and Tampok rivers whereas the second expedition, in 1990, covered the upper course of the Oyapock river. At total of 176 mother trees, belonging to 15 populations, were collected as pods or budwood sticks. A description of the environments where cacao trees were found is given. These environments included banks of streams, swamps, pinotieres and cacao forests. The material collected is morphologically different to Lower Amazon Forastero cacao, especially with regard to pod characteristics. The possible origins of this cacao are discussed in relation to Pleistocene forest refuges.
Coordinates and clone names updated by Philippe Lachenaud in September 2020 (pers. com.).; GC T 998 Bartley, B.G.D., 1993

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1993
Notes on the meaning and origins of clone names. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Grenada Datafile: GREN__DS GRD - BGD Bartley GS clones. Germplasm: GS selections made by F.W. Cope in 1940's. Notes on pod colour and form.

Fruit; I 21 [IND] CPCRI, 2008

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; III 105 [IND] CPCRI, 2008

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; III 35 [IND] CPCRI, 2008

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

HELD IN

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Benin, Unité de Recherche Café et Cacao (URCC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

IRCC, Benin. 2012
Liste des Souches Parentales de Cacaoyer (Niaouli). Mr Djima Aly, personal communication, March 2012.; • Local Name: Amelonado
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 555; - Local Name: AMELONADO; - Year of Accession: 1985
Indonesia, London Sumatra Plantations (LONSUM): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Haeser, E. 2008
Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.; • Local Name: Amelonado
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: AMELONADO [VAR]
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: AMELONADO WAA
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2024 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2024
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in September 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...

Bean Fruit; • Accession: PI 668412 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: AMELONADO [VAR]; - Year of Accession: 1939; • Accession: TARS 18402 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: Amelonado; - Year of Accession: 2016
United States of America, USDA-SHRS: List received in 2024 Reference

Reference

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. 2024
List of cocoa accessions held in Miami in September, 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Website visited 2nd September 2024 while also updating USDA Mayaguez accession list.

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: MIA 26521 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: Amelonado; - Year of Accession: 1939

DISEASE

Phytophthora: Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Average severity = 0.36. 11 trees sampled; McMahon, P. et al., 2006

Reference

McMahon, P., Wahab, A., Susilo, A.W., Iswanto, A., Purwantara, A., Sulistyowati, E., Junianto, Y., Sukamto, S., Suntoro, Mufrihati, E., Imron, M., Hidayat, M., Ismail, D., Lambert, S., Guest, D, and Keane, P. 2006
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Butterfat
Vascular Streak Dieback: Susceptible; Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K., 1989

Reference

Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. 1989
Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.
Notes

Malaysia - Quion Hill, Sabah and Ulu Dunsun, Sandakan Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Resistance to infections from Vascular Streak Dieback Environment: Set 1 assessed at Quoin Hill at seedling stage in a nusery with the source of natural inoculum from surrounding infected mature fields. Sets 2 and 3 were evaluated at the mature tree stage. Germplasm: 79 hybrids evaluated in three sets. Set 1 consists of Sabah mixed hybrids raised specifically for this purpose at Quoin Hill, Sabah. Sets 2 and 3 are progeny trials established at Quoin Hill, Sabah and Ulu Dunsun, Sandakan respectively. Experimental conditions: VSD disease severity was recorded at intervals of one to two months throughout the epidemic period or at longer intervals throughout the rest of the year. Apparent infection rate (r or ADPC (area under disease progress curve)) are used as criteria to compare differences in the resistance of the hybrids. r is obtained by regressing In(1/1 - x) against time in months where x is the disease severity index. Differences between any two r values is tested using a t - test. ADPC is calculated and analysed using analysis of variance.

Disease

YIELD

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Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 18.8 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 26.7 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
McMahon, P. et al., 2006: Pod Index: 53.4 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

McMahon, P., Wahab, A., Susilo, A.W., Iswanto, A., Purwantara, A., Sulistyowati, E., Junianto, Y., Sukamto, S., Suntoro, Mufrihati, E., Imron, M., Hidayat, M., Ismail, D., Lambert, S., Guest, D, and Keane, P. 2006
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Butterfat

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: oblong; Number: 39.1; Total Wet Weight: 58.3 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.36 g; Cotyledon Length: 26.3 mm; Cotyledon Width: 14.3 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 43.0; Total Wet Weight: 52.3 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.87 g; Cotyledon Length: 21.3 mm; Cotyledon Width: 11.7 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 6.30 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 6.00 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

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Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: obovate; Basal Constriction: strong; Apex Form: mammillate; Rugosity: slight; Length: 135.0 mm; Breadth: 78.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: strong; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: slight; Length: 139.6 mm; Breadth: 81.8 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: smooth; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FLOWER

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 7.72 mm; Ligule Width: 2.31 mm; Ovule Number: 40; Style Length: 2.11 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

Hall, C.J.J. van (1932) Cacao (2nd Ed). Macmillan, London.

Susilo, Agung W (2015) BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.

Toxopeus, H. (1968) Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.

Lachenaud, P. & Sallee, B. (1993) Les cacaoyers spontanes de Guyane. Localisation, ecologie et morphologie. Cafe, Cacao, The 37: pp. 101-114.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1993) Notes on the meaning and origins of clone names. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.

CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

IRCC, Benin. (2012) Liste des Souches Parentales de Cacaoyer (Niaouli). Mr Djima Aly, personal communication, March 2012.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2024) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in September 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. (2024) List of cocoa accessions held in Miami in September, 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

McMahon, P., Wahab, A., Susilo, A.W., Iswanto, A., Purwantara, A., Sulistyowati, E., Junianto, Y., Sukamto, S., Suntoro, Mufrihati, E., Imron, M., Hidayat, M., Ismail, D., Lambert, S., Guest, D, and Keane, P. (2006) Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. (1989) Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.